Contemplating Life – Episode 80b – “TV reviews: Fall 2024 Part 3”

This week, we conclude my reviews of 31 new primetime TV shows.

TV Shows and Films Reviewed

Note: I’m only linking movies and TV series. You can click on the links to find the actors mentioned.

Other Links of Interest

Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/contemplatinglife
Where to listen to this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/contemplatinglife
YouTube playlist of this and all other episodes: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFFRYfZfNjHL8bFCmGDOBvEiRbzUiiHpq

YouTube Version

Shooting Script

Hello, this is Chris Young. Welcome to a special episode of Contemplating Life.

Back in Episode 75, I set myself the goal of writing a brief review of every new TV show that premiered from September through November this year. I accumulated a list of 31 shows.

I planned on making it one large episode, but it was too large, so I split it into two parts. This is Part B.

Unfortunately, many of the shows will receive my lowest two ratings of “Skip It” or “Worthless.” But there are some that I’m going to highly recommend.

CBS/Paramount+ brings us a new reality competition series, “The Summit.” A group of 16 people have 14 days to hike across a gorgeous New Zealand landscape and climb a mountain. Each contestant starts out with a package of thousands of dollars totaling $1 million for the group. If a contestant is eliminated for medical reasons or is eliminated for failing to meet a challenge, the money is lost to the group. But as they camp at each checkpoint along the way, the group votes out one member and splits that person’s money equally among them.

The gimmick is that if they don’t reach the summit in 14 days, NONE of them get any money. As a fan of shows like “Survivor” and “The Amazing Race,” I’m really enjoying this new take on reality competition. By the way, I never cared for “Big Brother” because it is almost 100% a social game and doesn’t require much in the way of physical challenges.

The thing that surprises me about this series is that the contestants must think they are playing “Survivor,” but they are not. They are consistently voting out players who they think are “a threat to my game.” They don’t seem to appreciate that if they don’t vote out the physically weaker players, they will ALL lose the money. This is not going to be a winner-take-all game with just one winner like “Survivor.” They need to be voting out the weakest players, guaranteeing that they can reach the summit by the deadline, and then work on voting out the people they don’t like socially.

I’ve seen about five episodes, so I don’t know what will happen, but I seriously hope they don’t meet the goal and everyone walks away with no cash. Maybe then, contestants in season 2, if there is one, will learn how to play this game.

We’re calling this one “I Really Like It.” And if you enjoy “Survivor” or “The Amazing Race,” I’m sure you will too, even if it’s just to yell at the screen to tell the contestants how stupid they are for throwing out strong players and slowing themselves down by keeping weaker players.

Now we get down to action and drama, and boy, we have some whoppers here.

Let’s start with the only questionable series in the bunch.

Apple TV+ brings us Billy Crystal, in a dramatic role in “Before.” Crystal plays child psychiatrist Eli Adler, who is grieving the recent loss of his wife to suicide. He blames himself for not seeing the signs of her depression. One evening, a young boy knocks on his door. The boy doesn’t speak, and Eli tries to find out where the boy is from and if he is in some sort of danger. The boy escapes before he can extract any information from him. The next day, a social worker tries to get him to take on a difficult case. He initially refuses because he still dealing with the grief of losing his wife. The social worker persuades him to meet the boy, and of course, it’s the same boy who showed up at his door.

The kid is troubled by bizarre visions of some evil force trying to attack him. The description of the series reveals that the “troubled young boy seems to have a haunting connection to Eli’s past.”

Although I normally like Crystal in both comedic and dramatic roles, this one was just too strange and slow-paced to grab me. I struggled through an episode, and I may go back again to see what happens when, overall, at this point, I’m going to have to say “Skip It,” even though it’s based on some pretty incomplete information. Again, I’m reluctant to commit to the show until I have a better idea of what it’s about. Based on my recent bad experience with “Grotesquerie.” The IMDB classifies it as “drama” and “thriller.” It doesn’t say “sci-fi” or “horror,” so I don’t think there is a supernatural component at work here, but I could be wrong. Proceed with extreme caution.

Next up, Amazon Prime offers us two new spy thriller series. “Citadel: Diana” and “Citadel: Honey Bunny.” These are both spinoffs from an earlier Amazon series, “Citadel.” The gimmick is that the original was produced in Britain, and the various spinoff versions are produced in other countries. Diana is an Italian series dubbed in English. Honey Bunny is from India and is also dubbed in English. I had not seen the original series, so I decided to go back and watch it first before taking on the spinoffs. I’m quite happy I did.

The opening sequence of a gunfight on a high-speed European train. It’s cinematic in its execution. It looks like something out of a James Bond movie. There is much chemistry between the male and female agents who are on board the train trying to stop the bad guys. The opening sequence ends with the destruction and derailing of the train and our two heroes barely escaping with their lives.

We fast-forward eight years to find the male agent has amnesia and doesn’t remember his life as a secret agent. When his former boss recruits him for a special mission, his wife inquires, “So what is the deal here… Are you Jason Bourne?” So, they are upfront about ripping off a plot. There are also other highly unoriginal scenarios, including a chase down a mountainside on snow skis reminiscent of James Bond in “The Spy Who Loved Me.”

Our hero eventually meets up with the female agent, who has similarly lost her memory. It turns out that they have had their memory wiped as a security precaution. There is a vile of medication that will restore his memory, but it is accidentally destroyed.

They work for an agency of good guys called Citadel. They have an archrival agency called Manticore. The whole thing feels like Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. versus Hydra. The opening sequence on the train was one of several traps that Manticore set for Citadel, essentially destroying the agency. The series revolves around the efforts of the boss, played by Stanley Tucci, who is trying to revitalize the organization.

Despite all of these unoriginal plotlines, I really enjoyed this series. It had some great plot twists along the way, and the action and special effects were cinematic quality. Rate it “I Really Like It.” I highly recommend it.

After watching a couple of episodes of the Italian spinoff “Citadel: Diana,” showed some potential, but I did not find it nearly as compelling as the original. The series takes place in 2030, which is 10 years after the fall of Citadel. I’ll eventually go back and watch the rest of the series, but I was not as impressed as I was with the original. Let’s call this one a weak “I’m Watching.”

The version from India, while not as compelling as the original Citadel, is much better than the Italian spinoff. The title “Honey Bunny” actually refers to 2 married agents: Honey and her husband, Bunny. This story flashes back and forth between 2000 and 2010. In earlier flashbacks, we learn how Honey was recruited by the agency. In 2010, we find that they are married and have a young daughter. Watching Honey fight bad guys to protect her child was much more compelling than the CW series “Joan,” in which an allegedly humble single mother takes on the glamorous life of a jewel thief to regain custody of her daughter. You feel a lot more for Honey, Bunny, and their daughter than you ever do for Joan and hers.

Let’s rate this one a strong “I’m Watching.” It may not be as spectacular as the British original “Citadel,” but it still has plenty of action and drama. The kid is adorable, and you can really feel the struggles of her parents trying to maintain their secret life while protecting their daughter from the forces of evil.

My only complaint so far is that they’ve not mentioned that they work for Citadel, which leaves a nagging question: Could they possibly be working for Manticore and just believing that they are the good guys and not the bad guys? Then again, are the allegedly good guys at Citadel really good guys? I will be binge-watching the remaining episodes soon. All three series have six episodes each. The original Citadel has been renewed for a second season, which I’m really looking forward to.

Another thriller with an international flair is Peacock TV’s reimagining of “ The Day of the Jackal.” The original 1973 film based on the 1971 Frederick Forsyth novel was about an assassin hired to assassinate French President Charles de Gaulle in the 1960s. This updated version stars Freddie Redmayne, who is most known for his portrayal of Newt Scamander in the “Fantastic Beasts” franchise, and Professor Stephen Hawking in “The Theory of Everything.” It’s strange to see him playing a bad guy, but he pulls it off well. This series is as much about him as it is about a British MI6 firearms agent, Bianca Pullman, who struggles to balance her life as an agent with her home life with her husband and daughter.

In this version, Jackal assassinates a German politician, which draws attention to him because it involves the longest sniper kill in history. A group of businessmen hires him to kill the richest man in the world – a tech entrepreneur who is about to release software that will trace any banking transaction in the world, thereby exposing all of their money laundering, bribes, and other transactions they would prefer to be kept secret.

Five of the 10 episodes are available now, and I can’t wait to see the remaining episodes. I’ve heard it’s been renewed for a second season, but I can’t imagine it ends with the Jackal getting away. I’m not sure what will happen in the second season. Rate this one: “I Really Like It.”

Just for fun, I’m also re-watching the original 1973 film and, for the first time, reading the book at the same time. I highly recommend the new theories, the book, and the original film. I can’t comment on the 1997 film “The Jackal” starring Bruce Willis and Richard Gere, but I know that novelist Frederick Forsyth insisted his name be removed from the film. That’s one strike against it.

Moving along to another action drama, Amazon Prime has “Cross” about Detective Alex Cross from the novels by James Patterson. This DC homicide detective is also a trained psychologist. In the opening scene, his wife is murdered. We then skip ahead one year later, where we see him filling out forms requesting a leave of absence. His Captain and the Chief of Police have different plans. They need an African-American detective to investigate the death of a community organizer. Although the official cause of death is a drug overdose, no one believes that. Cross and his partner, John, find plenty of evidence that the deceased did not overdose.

Eventually, they begin to realize they are dealing with a serial killer who is kidnapping victims and giving them a makeover to make them look like famous serial killers. In the first episode, you will learn who the killer really is. You follow along as Detective Cross first tries to identify the killer and then, upon doing so, has to figure out how to catch him and make his case. Meanwhile, Cross, his children, and his grandmother are all being threatened by a stalker. This stalking is related to the death of his wife.

This is a very enjoyable wild ride that I highly recommend. Rate this one: “I Really Like It.”

Another procedural drama worth checking out is the new CBS spinoff NCIS: Origins. Set in 1991, it follows the opening days of agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs’s career as he joined what was then called NIS: Naval Investigation Service. We see his relationship with his old friend, Agent Mike Franks, whom we saw in the original NCIS in 20 episodes.

Mark Harmon provides a voiceover as the present-day Agent Gibbs. The narration teases that of all the stories of his past, these are the ones he has never told before. We see Gibbs still struggling with the murder of his wife and daughter. Franks recruited him even though he failed his psych evaluation.

Having only seen a couple of episodes, I can tell it’s going to be up to par with the other versions of the NCIS franchise, and for now, I’m giving it an “I’m Watching It.” However, I’m not sure if I will be able to keep up because I’m at least two or three seasons behind on the original NCIS. So maybe it’s better to describe it as “Recommended Watchable.”

Just two more to go.

Apple TV+ offers us a thriller called “Disclaimer.” Cate Blanchett plays Catherine Ravenscroft, a respected award-winning documentary journalist. Kevin Klein plays an elderly widower, Stephen Brigstocke. He is forced to take a sabbatical from his teaching job, and while puttering around the house, he discovers his late wife wrote the manuscript of a novel fictionalizing the events of their son Jonathan’s death 20 years ago.

In the novel, Jonathan is on vacation in Italy and meets an attractive young woman with whom he has an affair. We learn that the woman is Catherine. She was on vacation with her husband and five-year-old son, but the husband was called back to work. In the novel, she seduces Jonathan, and he takes a series of erotic photos of her. Stephen discovers the photos with the manuscript.

While Jonathan and the woman were having sex in a beachside cabana, the young boy drifted out into the Mediterranean in a small inflatable raft. Jonathan swims out to save the boy. Two other bystanders join him and bring the boy back safely, but Jonathan is so exhausted he cannot make it back and drowns.

Stephen decides to get revenge on Catherine. He will ruin the woman’s life as she has ruined the lives of him and his late wife. He self-publishes the novel under a pseudonym and sends a copy to Catherine, her husband, and their now 25-year-old son.

The book contains a disclaimer that reads, “Any resemblance to real people is NOT a coincidence.”

The series uses a variety of voiceover narrators. Some are of Stephen, others Catherine, and sometimes an omniscient narrator who speaks in the second person present tense, which is a bit strange but effective.

Stephen becomes so obsessed that he will stop at nothing to get his revenge. With each victory along the way, Klein delivers an evil smirk that shows Steven’s joy that his plan is working.

Although a bit slow-moving and difficult to follow at first, with multiple flashbacks and flash-forwards, this one will keep you on the edge of your seat throughout the 7 episodes. There are award-worthy performances from Klein and Blanchette, as well as great supporting work by Sacha Baron Cohen as Catherine’s husband, Robert, in a rare dramatic role. Also noteworthy is Louis Partridge as Jonathan and Kodi Smit-McPhee as the adult son Nicholas.

There is a huge plot twist in the final episode that you will not see coming. But in some respects, we enter the story through Stephen’s eyes, and the twist is a surprise to him that we really feel. I was concerned it was going to end with the audience not being sure what really happened, but there is no doubt at the end as to what the truth really was.

Again, it is very slow-moving but well worth your time. Let’s rate this one “I Really Like It.” Strongly recommended.

Finally, here is the review of the last of the 31 new TV series.

CBS/Paramount+ offers us a 10-episode series, “Landman,” starring Billy Bob Thorton as Tommy Noris. He works for an oil company in the oil fields around Midland, Texas.

In the opening scene, we find him in a remote warehouse, tied to a chair with a burlap bag over his head, being guarded by some nasty-looking guys with guns. When the boss arrives, he asks, “So you are going to take our land to drill oil?” Tommy calmly explains that the man purchased the land from someone who had previously sold the mineral rights. All he is there to do is negotiate a lease for the surface rights to put in a road and set up the drills.

After some fascinating exposition, Tommy explains that the oil company is bigger than this man’s drug business. Tommy says, “We are the same. Your customers are dependent upon your product, and so are mine.” He threatens that if they don’t cooperate, he will see to it that the DEA sets up a substation on the property, and/or the oil company will hire mercenaries to eliminate them all. The company will pay them for a lease to the surface rights as well as reparations for any damage that is done to the land.

After escaping with the signed lease and his life, Tommy has a voiceover narration that explains how massive the oil industry is. He then comments, “You gotta secure the rights and lock up the surface. Then babysit the owners, babysit the crews. Then manage the police and the press when the babies refuse to be sat. That’s my job. Secure the lease, then manage the people. First part’s pretty simple. It’s the second part that can get you killed.”

Really? This guy was just tied up and about to be killed by a bunch of cartel bad guys, and that was the simple part of the job?

After two episodes, one starts to understand he was right. We see Tommy managing one crisis after another, and most of them are deadly.

The action sequences, special effects, and stunts are top-notch. They must’ve had a massive budget for the series. Thornton creates a memorable character, as always. We have memorable supporting roles: Ali Larter as Tommy’s ex-wife, Jon Hamm as the head of the oil company, and a cameo by Demi Moore as his wife.

I’m giving this one a very strong “I Really Like It.” I can’t wait for the remaining episodes. Very highly recommended.

Let’s do a brief recap of all 31 series we have reviewed in the order in which they premiered.

Fox animation “Universal Basic Guys” rated “Worthless.”

ABC police procedural “High Potential” rated “I’m Watching It.”

Disney+ Marvel series “Agatha All Along” rated ”I’m Watching It.”

HBO/Max “The Penguin” rated a strong “I Really Like It,” and after seeing all 10 episodes, I can almost upgrade this to “Must See.” Destined for multiple Emmy nominations and hopefully several wins. Again, this is a gangster movie, not a comic book movie. I think anyone would like it.

CBS/Paramount+ legal drama “Matlock” starring Kathy Bates rated “I Really Like It.”

Fox drama “Rescue Hi-Surf “ rated strong “Skip It.”

NBC medical drama “Brilliant Minds” rated very weak “Could Be Watchable.”

Fox police procedural “Murder in a Small Town” rated “Skip It.”

FX/Hulu horror series “Grotesquerie” rated “Skip It.”

ABC cruise ship romantic comedy “Doctor Odyssey” rated “Skip It.”

CBS/Paramount+ reality competition “The Summit” rated “I Really Like It.”

CW network crime drama “Joan” rated a weak “I’m Watching It” or “Could Be Watchable.”

CW game shows “Trivial Pursuit” and “Scrabble” rated “Skip It.”

Amazon Prime spy drama “Citadel” rated “I Really Like It.” Italian spinoff “Citadel: Diana” rated a weak “I’m Watching It.” East Indian spinoff “Citade: Honey Bunny” rated strong “I’m Watching It.”

Peacock horror series “Teacup” rated strong “Skip It.”

Apple TV+ revenge drama “Disclaimer” rated strong “I Really Like It.”

Max CGI animated children’s show Barney’s World rated “Recommended Watchable” for its target audience.

CBS/Paramount+ crime procedural “NCIS: Origins” rated “I’m Watching It.”

CW reality show “The Wranglers” rated “Skip It.”

Amazon Prime game show “Are You Smarter Than a Celebrity” rated “Skip It.”

CBS/Paramount+ sitcom “George and Mandy’s First Marriage” rated “Could be Watchable.”

NBC sitcom “Happy’s Place” starring Reba McIntyre, rated “Could Be Watchable.”

CBS sitcom “Poppa’s House” starring Damon Wayans, Sr. and Jr., rated “Could Be Watchable.”

Apple TV+ drama “Before” starring Billy Crystal rated “Skip It.”

Disney Channel tween sitcom “Wizards Beyond Waverley Place” rated “Recommended Watchable” for its target demographic.

Peacock thriller “Day of the Jackal” rated “I Really Like It.”

NBC/Peacock sitcom “St. Denis Medical” rated “Skip It.”

Amazon Prime crime thriller “Cross”, based on James Patterson’s novels, rated “I Really Like It.”

Finally, Paramount+ drama “Landman” starring Billy Bob Thornton rated “I Really Like It.”

So that’s it with all my reviews. I’m not sure where we go from here. It will probably be more about the aftereffects of having to quit work for health reasons and the establishment of my work-from-home software business. Then, early next year, it will be Oscar season again. There will be more prime-time shows in January, but I don’t know if I will do this again.

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I will see you next time as we continue contemplating life. Until then, fly safe.

Contemplating Life – Episode 80a – “TV reviews: Fall 2024 Part 2”

This week, we have the first part of a two-part episode in which I review more new TV shows. The final part will be available in a few days.

TV Shows and Films Reviewed

Note: I’m only linking movies and TV series. You can click on the links to find the actors mentioned.

Other Links of Interest

Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/contemplatinglife
Where to listen to this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/contemplatinglife
YouTube playlist of this and all other episodes: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFFRYfZfNjHL8bFCmGDOBvEiRbzUiiHpq

YouTube Version

Shooting Script

Hello, this is Chris Young. Welcome to a special episode of Contemplating Life.

Back in Episode 75, I set myself the goal of writing a brief review of every new TV show that premiered from September through November this year. I accumulated a list of 31 shows. I did several of them in episode 75 and intended to do a review episode every other week until I was done. But I got on a roll with writing my regular autobiographical podcast, and some of the TV shows were so good I had to binge-watch the entire season. So, I’m just now getting around to finishing up the remaining reviews. I should probably split this into two episodes, but I’m just going to make a really long one since it probably won’t come out on time. I apologize in advance for the length.

I was going to make this one big long episode, but after doing some editing I realized it was just too long. So, we are going to split this into Parts A and B. Here is Part A.

Unfortunately, many of the shows will receive my lowest two ratings of “Skip It” or “Worthless.” But there are some that I’m going to highly recommend. So, let’s get rid of a bunch of the stinkers first.

For some reason, I’ve never been a big fan of Fox’s Sunday evening animation. I’ve probably only seen one or two episodes of “The Simpsons.” I appreciate that it is highly popular. It has run for 36 seasons and earned 37 Primetime Emmy Awards, but for some reason, it never appealed to me. I know that other Fox animated series have been popular as well, most notably “Family Guy,” but I’ve never seen it. So, I’m probably not well-qualified to be objective about the newest entry in the lineup, “Universal Basic Guys.”

The premise is that a bunch of guys got laid off from work, and as severance, they were awarded guaranteed universal basic income. Other than the title and an opening sequence explaining that premise, the concept of UBI never came up in the first episode. It seems that it’s just a gimmick to explain a bunch of guys who sit around with nothing to do all day except come up with harebrained schemes. In the first episode, our lead character, Hank, tries to do his wife a favor. She is upset that the local country club does not admit women, and she wants to play golf there. He cooks up a scheme to get admitted to the club to try to get her access. It turns out that the members’ wives want to keep the club male only to keep their husbands occupied so that they can pursue more important feminist agendas. It’s not very funny. It doesn’t work as social commentary. I’m sure that other Fox animated series are more entertaining. We’re giving this one a big fat “Worthless” rating.

I’m similarly unqualified to be objective about the next entry from Fox – “Rescue: Hi-Surf.” This is a basic ripoff of “Baywatch” set in Hawaii. It follows the lives of a bunch of lifeguards who cover the beaches of the North Shore and rescue people in trouble in the high surf. While the action sequences of rescues are well done and exciting, you can’t help but feel it’s going to be the same thing week after week. How many different ways can a surfer get in trouble and be rescued? The characters are thinly drawn. The only plot is a politician who holds the pursestrings over the program insisting that his son be hired as a lifeguard. Wow. How compelling…No, not really. If you’re desperate to see beautiful people running around in bathing suits, go watch the new ABC series “Doctor Odyssey,” which we gave a bad review of last time. It’s not any good either, but it’s better than this. I’m giving this a strong “Skip It” bordering on “Worthless.”

I hate to trash Fox continually, but I also give the new procedural “Murder in a Small Town” a hard pass. The title tells you everything you need to know. I watched the opening episode about a week ago, and I’ve already forgotten what it was about. They solved the murder, so there will be a new case every week. There is nothing to see here. Again, I rate it “Skip it,” bordering on “Worthless.”

Let’s take a quick look at several new game shows. The CW network offers “Trivial Pursuit,” hosted by LeVar Burton, who was recently rejected as a possible host of “Jeopardy!” I had no problem with his ability to host the iconic game show, even though I really like Ken Jennings, who is the new permanent host. I have no problem with Burton hosting this show. But this show is extremely boring. The pace is too slow, and the questions are either trivially easy or ridiculously difficult. Rating it strong “Skip It.”

I was even less impressed by CW’s other adaptation of the board game “Scrabble.” While I enjoy playing the game, watching other people play it is incredibly boring. You’ll never find yourself saying, “They played the wrong word! They could’ve scored higher if they’d spelled something else.” Host Raven-Symoné is adequate but brings nothing interesting. Another strong rating of “Skip It.”

Only slightly less boring is Amazon Prime’s “Are You Smarter Than a Celebrity.” While I generally enjoyed the original “Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader,” this spinoff, which uses adult celebrity helpers rather than fifth-grade children, lacks all of the charm of the original. It might be better if they used celebrity kids to help adult contestants rather than adult celebrities helping adult contestants. The format is identical to the original “5th Grader” game. Contestants answer questions ranging from first through fifth-grade levels. Host Travis Kelce brings nothing interesting to the effort. I doubt that his relationship with Taylor Swift will draw viewers to this show, even though she vastly increased the viewership of Kansas City Chiefs NFL games. Unless she shows up as one of the celebrity helpers, I doubt the Swiftlies will tune in. Kelce lacks the charm and humor of original “5th-grader” host Jeff Foxworthy.

Speaking of Kelce, he is a better game show host than an actor. He has a minor part in the Hulu series “Grotesquerie,” but his performance was grossly inadequate and amateurish.

So, let’s talk about “Grotesquerie.”

I’m not a huge fan of the horror genre, but this one caught my attention from the beginning, and I had high hopes for it. It stars Niecy Nash as Detective Lois Tryon, who is trying to solve a series of bizarre homicides in which the killer leaves the bodies staged in bizarre tableaus filled with religious symbolism. She is accompanied by a young nun who is a reporter for a Catholic newspaper and website. Her true crime articles about this bizarre serial killer not only increase the readership of her website but also boost attendance at local churches. This show is highly reminiscent of the NBC series “Hannibal,” which ran for 39 episodes from 2013-2015. That series covered the early days of the killing career of iconic character Dr. Hannibal Lecter, brilliantly portrayed by Mads Mikkelsen. I really enjoyed “Hannibal” and was ready to declare this a worthy successor.

This is a compelling mystery with excellently written episodes and deeply drawn characters with despicable flaws. With the exception of Travis Kelce, there are quality performances throughout.

I found “Grotesquerie” so disturbing I actually had a nightmare about it.

Throughout the first 6 1/2 episodes of the series, I wondered if there was going to be a supernatural component to this story. The series was co-created by Ryan Murphy, who is known for his excellent series “American Horror Story,” so it would not surprise me if there were a supernatural plot element. I’ve only seen 8 of the 12 seasons of “American Horror Story,” but my favorite was season 7, which contained absolutely no supernatural elements. Often, real life can be more terrifying than demons and witches.

Episode 7 of “Grotesquerie” introduces a plot twist that completely upends the entire story. By the end of the series, in episode 10, you will be totally confused. Although I think I understand “what really happened,” the entire thing was such a disappointment that it left a really bad taste in my mouth. It turns out to be another version of a horror trope that I’ve never liked in any of its other implementations, and this one did nothing to change my opinion. I won’t spoil it by telling you what trope I’m talking about.

Had I written this review prior to episode 7, I would have given it a strong “I’m watching it” rating. But all I can say at this point is that I watched it, and I’m not sure it was worth the time. Your mileage may vary. Let’s officially downgrade this to “Skip It.”

By the way, I love a good plot twist. But when the twist reveals that the story is deliberately deceiving the audience rather than just setting up a mystery or a big reveal, I cannot help but feel betrayed. While we are on the topic of betraying the audience, I want to talk briefly about the 2022 Netflix film “On the Line” starring Mel Gibson. By the way, I’ve always been able to separate the art from the artist, so no matter how I feel about him as a person, I’ve always been able to enjoy his work both as a director and actor. He gives a quality performance in this deeply flawed film.

Gibson plays a late-night radio talk show host that takes phone calls from listeners. Someone calls in, claiming to have kidnapped his wife and daughter. We eventually learn that he is holding them in the office building where the radio studio is located. Gibson and a new employee who runs the control room start searching the empty office building. Along the way, they find the bad guy has killed a security guard and a janitor.

As the show reaches its climax, there is a plot twist that will leave you extremely angry. I won’t hint at what it is. Just when you are about to forgive them for tricking you with this ridiculous twist, and you think the movie is back on track, there is another twist guaranteed to piss you off again. I tried to explain these twists away, saying that the characters in the film were heartless people who toy with each other’s emotions, but ultimately, the real victim is you, the audience, that is toyed with throughout the film.

Going back to the horror genre for a moment and back to our TV reviews, we have the Peacock TV series “Teacup.” It is described as a horror sci-fi thriller in which a group of neighbors who are trapped on a farm in rural Georgia must put aside their differences and unite in the face of a mysterious and deadly threat. It stars Yvonne Strahovski, who was recently seen as one of the villains in “A Handmaid’s Tale” and Scott Speedman, who is known for playing Dr. Nick Marsh on “Gray’s Anatomy” for 37 episodes.

Somehow, I managed to struggle through the first episode, but it took me multiple attempts. I’m hoping that because IMDb described it as sci-fi, it’s some sort of alien invasion rather than demonic possession, but I couldn’t get far enough into the show to find out even the basic premise. That description, which says these people are trapped on a farm, like a bug trapped under a teacup, presumably, only becomes apparent early in the second episode, which I couldn’t stand watching. I will be generous and rate it a solid “Skip It” rather than “Worthless” because there is the tiniest possibility it could get better. It runs just eight episodes, so maybe if you have more patience than I do, you can figure it out. But the pacing is so slow that it is unbearable, and I just couldn’t stand it.

While I enjoy reality competition shows like “Survivor” and “The Amazing Race,” I’ve never been a fan of so-called reality shows like “Real Housewives” or Kardashians. CW network has a new series described as a “Documentary charting the lives of ranch employees in Montana, navigating personal relationships and work duties at the Circle Bar Dude Ranch.” This has to be the most phony “reality” show I’ve ever seen. In case you are unaware, a “dude ranch” is where city slickers go on vacation to experience allegedly authentic cowboy life. The casts of wranglers, ranch managers, and other staff are about 60% female. While that is commendable, it could hardly be considered an authentic representation of classic cowboy life. The job of head wrangler is open so the staff is going to be competing for the new position. The previews hint that there are going to be romantic entanglements among the staff. The whole thing simply wreaks of fake situations created by the producers. Let’s call this a strong “Skip It” unless you are the kind of person who would go to a dude ranch but can’t afford it.

That wraps up most of the really bad ones. Let’s move on to something slightly more interesting. The CW network has a new series called Joan, based on the real-life exploits of British thief Joan Harrington, who was known in some circles as the “Godmother.”

It stars Sophie Turner, best known for playing Sansa Stark in “Game of Thrones,” and Frank Dillane, who played Nick Clark in 44 episodes of “Fear the Walking Dead.”

Turner plays Joan, an ordinary British housewife whose boyfriend is a small-time criminal. Fearing for her daughter’s safety, she turns the girl into Child Protective Services, telling them that she is homeless and cannot care for her daughter. She gets a job working in a jewelry store and has the opportunity to make off with a handful of diamonds. She tries to sell the diamonds to an antique dealer named Boisie, played by Dillane. They fall in love and begin working on bigger jobs.

We are supposed to sympathize with Joan, who is turning to a life of crime to establish herself financially and get her daughter back from authorities. Personally, I don’t feel that much sympathy for her. Had she made some smarter choices and stayed legitimate, she would’ve had a better chance of getting her daughter back. But now, enjoying the fruits of a life of crime seems to be more of a motivating factor than regaining custody of her daughter.

I’ve seen three of the six episodes, and so far, I’m giving it a week rating of “I’m Watching,” but I’m doing so more out of curiosity to see what happens than because it’s a compelling story, which it is not.

Let’s look at some sitcoms. Maybe we can find something to laugh about there.

NBC/PeacockTV brings us “St. Denis Medical.” I’ve never been a big fan of the “mock documentary” format in which the story is interrupted by the characters talking to an unseen interviewer. It worked for “Modern Family,” but I’ve never cared for any of the other uses of this gimmick, such as “The Office.” It’s not just the format that stinks here. Sadly, this works much better as a drama than it does a comedy. I’m not talking about the kind of mix of comedy and drama we saw in a series like “M*A*S*H,” which could get uproariously silly, but then there would be a poignant moment to reflect the dire circumstances of the setting. The show tries to be funny, but it isn’t. When it goes for poignant, it almost works, but it fails so miserably at the comedy that is not worth waiting for the touching parts. I’m giving this one a strong “Skip It.”

CBS/Paramount+ brings us “George and Mandy’s First Marriage.” It is a spinoff from “Young Sheldon,” which is, in turn, a spinoff from “The Big Bang Theory.” I never missed a single episode of BBT, and I must admit I’m about a season and a half behind on “Sheldon,” but I have been catching up. In this series, Montana Jordan reprises his role as George Cooper, big brother to Sheldon. His wife, Mandy, is played by Emily Osment, who appeared in 39 episodes of “Young Sheldon.” I don’t particularly recall her because George had lots of girlfriends in the series. And as I mentioned, I’m way behind.

My guess is that there was an episode of “Sheldon” that served as a pilot for this series. It seems to hit the ground running, assuming that you already know that the young couple is living with her parents. Mandy has such a difficult relationship with her mother that, at first, I wasn’t sure it really was her mother but perhaps a stepmom. In the opening episode, after a feud with her mom, in which her mother questions George’s intelligence, the couple moves out and tries to make it on their own. By the end of the episode, they make up and move back in with her parents.

My number one criterion for a sitcom is that it has to make me laugh. I may have chuckled once or twice, but I can’t remember at what. We will be generous and call this one “Could Be Watchable.” However, given that I am a huge fan of the parent shows from which this spinoff was created, I’m severely disappointed. I would have rather seen a spinoff series with Sheldon’s sister, Missy.

NBC is keeping Reba McIntyre busy these days. In addition to her role as a coach/mentor on “The Voice,” she returns to scripted television and a new sitcom called “Happy’s Place.” In this series, she plays Bobby, a woman who just inherited a diner from her father, who had the nickname “Happy.” As she is trying to manage the restaurant while dealing with the loss of her father, she discovers she has a half-sister she never knew about who is now co-owner of the facility.

The character McIntyre is playing has the exact same perky personality as her own, so there is no acting stretch involved here at all. I never saw her previous self-titled sitcom, so I can’t really compare this, but if you were expecting anything different, you won’t find it here.

If I laughed, I don’t recall at what, but I will be generous and give this one a weak “Could Be Watchable.” But it’s not for me.

A slightly better choice if you’re looking for a new sitcom might be “Poppa’s House.” Damon Wayans plays Damon “Poppa” Fulton, who is a radio personality. He is forced to take on a female psychologist as a new sidekick on his popular show to attract a more diverse audience. At home, he deals with his son Damon Jr., played by Damon Wayans Jr. Was the writing team so untalented that they couldn’t even come up with a fictitious first name for these characters, or were the Wayans such bad actors they couldn’t remember to refer to one another by the character names consistently? Draw your own conclusions.

That said, the show did have some laughs. Both stars have proven their comedic talents in other vehicles, and you can see them shine in this open-ended situation, which essentially lets them play themselves. I will give this one a stronger “Could Be Watchable,” but I don’t have room for it in my busy viewing schedule. You might want to check it out and see if it appeals to you.

The only other comedy that has potential is Disney Channel’s “Wizards Beyond Waverley Place.” As best I can tell, this is a spinoff of “Wizards of Waverly Place,” which ran for 106 episodes from 2007- 2012. I’ve never seen the original. David Hernie reprises his role as Justin Russo, who, in this series, has decided to give up his wizardly powers and live the normal life of a mortal. His wife and children have no idea about his magical past.

Life gets turned upside down when his sister Alex, played by Selena Gomez, brings him a young girl named Billy, who is a wizard in training. Apparently, Justin was a teacher at a wizard school in the previous series. Billy conjures up a silly monster to impress Justin’s children and then can’t figure out how to put it back from wherever it came from.

Although the kids now know that Billy is a wizard, they remain clueless about their father’s abilities, as does his wife.

This Disney Channel series is clearly aimed at a younger audience, and I think it will do well with them and fans of the original series. It shows lots of potential. Let’s call this one “Recommended Watchable,” which means if you like this kind of thing, I can highly recommend it, but personally, I will not be watching.

While we’re on the topic of watchable kid’s shows, Max streaming has a CGI animated kids’ show called “Barney’s World” featuring the iconic purple dinosaur. As I understand it, only kids can see him, and he has the ability to transport them to fantasy situations that only they can experience. The show is full of positive life lessons about being responsible, cooperative, and helpful, along with a dose of positive vibes about diversity. If you are anti-woke, then you are probably out protesting this show right now. But for reasonable parents, the show is completely harmless and quite positive. Obviously, it’s not for me, but we will call this one “Recommended Watchable” for your toddlers.

That’s going to wrap up for Part A of this two-part episode. Give me a couple of days to edit Part B, which will be coming very soon.

If you find this podcast educational, entertaining, enlightening, or even inspiring, consider sponsoring me on Patreon for just $5 per month. You will get early access to the podcast and other exclusive content. Although I have some financial struggles, I’m not really in this for money. Still, every little bit helps.

As always, my deepest thanks to my financial supporters. Your support means more to me than words can express.

Even if you cannot provide financial support. Please, please, please post the links and share this podcast on social media so that I can grow my audience. I just want more people to be able to hear my stories.

All of my back episodes are available, and I encourage you to check them out if you’re new to this podcast. If you have any comments, questions, or other feedback, please feel free to comment on any of the platforms where you found this podcast.

I will see you next time as we continue contemplating life. Until then, fly safe.

Contemplating Life – Episode 79 – “Last One Out Turn Off the Lights”

In this episode, we wrap up talking about my brief two years working at the IU Department of Medical Genetics.

Links of Interest

Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/contemplatinglife
Where to listen to this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/contemplatinglife
YouTube playlist of this and all other episodes: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFFRYfZfNjHL8bFCmGDOBvEiRbzUiiHpq

YouTube Version

https://youtu.be/hjwEGOaOSgQ

Shooting Script

Hi, this is Chris Young. Welcome to episode 79 of Contemplating Life.

In this episode, we wrap up talking about my brief two years working at the IU Department of Medical Genetics.

One of my fondest memories of working in the Genetics Department was a cookout we were invited to at the home of Drs. John and Judith Gersting. I mentioned in a previous episode that he enjoyed restoring vintage Ford Thunderbird cars. He had recruited one of his programming classes to write software that kept track of scoring the judging of classic cars at car shows.

At the cookout, I had the opportunity to see one of his impeccably restored vintage Thunderbirds and another one that was a work in progress at the time. After my dad picked me up from the cookout, I told him about it. He was quite angry. “Why the hell didn’t you tell me about it before we left? Didn’t you think I would be interested in seeing his car collection?” Whoops. Sorry, Dad. My bad. Dad didn’t restore classic cars, but he enjoyed working on cars. He did a phenomenal job restoring the old junk pickup truck he bought from my brother-in-law. I should’ve known he would have enjoyed seeing Dr. Gersting’s vehicles.

As I mentioned before, eventually, the genetics department began to run out of money. The work we did there was almost entirely funded by grant money. Research grants take a long time to process. You have to search for where grant money is available. You write a proposal that you think will interest them. Then you wait—sometimes months—while your proposal competes with dozens or more other proposals, all of which want the same small batch of money. To keep a steady flow of money coming in, you have to plan far in advance.

We have spoken at length about Dr. Donald Merritt, the department chairperson, who interviewed me for the job. Even though he was a bit of an ass, I’m sad to report that he developed skin cancer and had to resign. He eventually succumbed to the disease. The next person in line, I forget his name, was appointed “Acting Chairman.” The problem was he didn’t want to act until he was certain he was going to become the official chairman. There was a possibility they would hire someone from outside the department to take over. We had an acting chairman who wouldn’t act.

Our database project was Dr. Merritt’s pet project. No one was sure if our project would be a priority for the new chairman. No one was writing new grant proposals, and the money was running out.

One of the geneticists who was more closely a supervisor than Dr. Merritt was a Korean-born guy named Dr. KeWon Kang. He wrote a grant proposal and asked me to proofread it. I told him my spelling skills were terrible, but I would take a look at it. Even with my horrific lack of ability to spell, I could see there were numerous spelling errors. It was also written in very broken English, obviously by someone for whom English was not their native language.

It wasn’t just the spelling and bad grammar. Most of it was incoherent, and I’m not saying that because I did not understand the genetics. It was just a terrible piece of writing.

I was very blunt with him. I told him that if you submitted that proposal, it would be an embarrassment to you personally and to the department as a whole. I told him that I knew nothing about writing grant proposals. I explained I was incapable of fixing this one, but I could tell by looking at it that it was a mess.

I acknowledged that I understood that English wasn’t his first language. I said, “You need to look at this like it’s a disability. I don’t go around attempting to do things I’m physically incapable of doing. You shouldn’t be writing proposals in English when you don’t have the communication skills to do so effectively. I can write English well enough with the help of someone checking my spelling, but I don’t have the background and know what it takes to get grant money. So I can’t do this for you. You need to find someone who knows what they’re doing and can do it for you.”

I didn’t fault him for not having the skills to do the job. I did fault him forgot recognizing his own limitations before nearly making a fool of himself.

There was a fixed amount of money left, and no new money was coming in. It was just a matter of time before the entire project would be shut down. Even if we did get some money in time, it was unlikely that the funding levels would be as high as they had been. People started looking for employment elsewhere. They had spouses and children to think about. They couldn’t afford to be off work for several months until they found a new position.

On the other hand, I was living with my parents, paying a token rent. If the project shut down and it took me six months to find another position, I could handle it.

Linda, the divorcee who continued to sleep with her ex-husband, was the first to go. I don’t know where she ended up finding employment. When she left, they didn’t replace her, which meant that the rest of us could stay a little longer. I moved into her office, which was one of three immediately adjacent to the computer room. Before that, I had been in an office across the hall.

A couple of months later, Buz left. As I mentioned in the previous episode, he found employment with Eli Lilly Pharmaceuticals. They used Hewlett-Packard computers, which were often connected to laboratory equipment in those days. He was familiar with them. As I mentioned, he had a Master’s degree in chemistry, so the job was ideal for him. Also, as I mentioned previously, we stayed closely in touch for many years, generally visiting once a week.

Dale was the last to leave before me. I don’t know where she found employment or what happened to her. I considered her a friend and should’ve tried to stay in touch. When she left, I moved into her office—it was the biggest one.

As I mentioned before, I typically arrived at 8:30 AM even though everyone else arrived around 9. I would go straight to the office and start running a file conversion program. It would take data from punchcard files in our old format and convert it into the new format for our database. If there was no new data yet ready, I would run the data consistency check program that I had written. These programs would take a couple of hours to run, so I would start them early in the morning and then take off to go for breakfast at the Student Union Building.

That building was about two blocks away, across the medical center campus. It had a cafeteria, bakery shop, ice cream bar, bookstore, full-size swimming pool, lounge areas, and hotel rooms typically used by people visiting the University to attend conferences or perhaps for visiting parents. It also housed IUPUI’s DEC-System 10 mainframe computer, which I had used remotely via computer terminals from the 38th Street campus throughout my nine semesters of computer science studies.

Beginning when I was a student programmer, I had lunch there every day. When I went full-time, because I arrived so early, I would often have breakfast there as well.

When the weather was warm, I would go out a back door of Riley Hospital near the loading dock and drive my wheelchair in the street to the Student Union.

One day, while I was on this journey, a photographer from the IUPUI newspaper snapped a photo of me from behind. You can see the photo in the YouTube version of this episode. The caption read, “When the first warm breezes of the year caused strolling students to crowd the sidewalks of Indiana University – Purdue University at Indianapolis last week, one student found HER own way to avoid the crowd around the Student Union Building.”

First of all, I was in the street because the sidewalks didn’t have curb cuts. But more importantly, I had such long hair that the editor thought I was a girl. One day during lunch, I made my way all the way back to Cavanaugh Hall to the newspaper offices and asked to speak to the photographer. The guy I spoke to said, “I took that photo.”

“Well,” I said, “as you can see. I’m not a she.”

He let out a sigh and said, “I knew that. I tried to tell my editor that. He insisted on the caption even after I said you were male.”

Wow… So much for accuracy in journalism.

In bad weather, I would take the underground tunnels that connected the basements of nearly all of the buildings in the IU Medical Center. It was a longer trip through the tunnels than the aboveground journey, but I could get there without putting on a coat or being out in the weather.

Most of the buildings had no doors where the basements connected to the tunnels, but the Student Union had a door at either end of a long hallway. The doors opened outward, so when leaving, I could just push those doors open with my wheelchair. However, getting in was more difficult. I couldn’t pull them, so I would have to wait for someone else to come along and open the door.

I eventually discovered that if I took the long way around to the far basement door, it was usually cracked slightly ajar. I could wedge my wheelchair footrest into it and open it myself.

I heard that after 9/11, all of the tunnels were closed off to public access for security reasons. They installed locked doors or steel grating. Only maintenance people who had specific needs to use the tunnels were allowed access. I wondered if I would have been able to persuade them not to lock it down if I was still working there. Were there other disabled people who used those tunnels? Even if they issued me a key, I wouldn’t have been able to operate it on my own. I was very disappointed even though I had not worked there for decades.

At lunch each day, I never had any trouble asking strangers to help me with my cafeteria tray. The cafeteria made a really nice cheeseburger and steak fries. I would also get a Coke. I don’t recall ever ordering anything other than that from the cafeteria for the entire two years.

They had a pastry shop with fresh-baked donuts and coffee every morning. I would order a glazed twist donut, a cup of coffee, and two sugars. The lady who worked there began to recognize me, and I didn’t need to give my order after a while. She would just say, “The usual?” And I would say, “Yes.” She would come out from behind the counter and hand the food to me. I could put the napkin-wrapped doughnut in my lap and carry the coffee.

Nearby, there was a lounge area with some tables. I would sit there and eat my donut and drink my coffee. The TV was on every day. It was usually tuned to “Good Morning America.” I would have preferred “The Today Show,” but I was never there very long, so it didn’t matter.

An old friend of mine from Roberts School, Chris Fryman, was often sitting there in his wheelchair watching TV. We were in kindergarten together, but somewhere along the way, he was held behind a year or two because he missed a bunch of school for medical reasons. He had osteogenesis imperfecta, a.k.a. brittle bone disease. He had lived just a few blocks from me, and we rode the same school bus for 13 years. I didn’t know what had happened to him after high school, so I was surprised to see him there.

I asked him what he had been up to since high school, and he said, “Nothing.” His dad was the building’s maintenance supervisor. His parents divorced when he was young, and he lived with his dad. He had nowhere to go and nothing to do every day, and although he was somewhat independent, he could not be alone all day. So, he would come to work with his dad and just sit in the lounge of the Student Union Building, watching TV all day.

Eventually, he found a job working in the building. As I mentioned, they had a swimming pool there. He manned the desk, checking IDs and handing out towels. I was happy he finally had a job. I spoke to his dad, Jim, one day, asking why Chris never went to college or tried to get a better job. I didn’t want to ask something that personal of Chris directly. Jim explained that Chris had never done very well academically and was not college material. I never knew what kind of grades he had and presumed he was held back mostly for medical reasons, but perhaps he also had some sort of learning difficulties.

After I quit working at genetics, I never heard from him again. Google searches tell me that his mother died in 2017 at age 85 and was preceded in death by her first husband, James, and her son, Christopher. I had forgotten his dad’s name. Another search revealed that Jim died in 1994 at age 62. That same record mentioned his son Chris died in 1983 at age 28. We were never very close, but I had known him for many years, and I’m sad that he had never had the opportunity to accomplish much. I hope he had a happy life anyway.

I have fond memories of the Student Union Building. A few years ago, I was writing a blog about my college experiences and went looking for a photo of the building. I couldn’t find it on Google Maps. I didn’t realize it had been torn down in 2010 to make room for the new Eskenazi Hospital, which opened in 2013.

My original script for this episode said that I could only find one low-res image of the Union Building, but while preparing this podcast, I found dozens of images in the IUPUI Digital Archives. It includes construction photos from 1952, lots of photos from 1956 when the IU School of Nursing was opened, and some more current versions from 2004, which depict the building as I remembered it from the late 1970s. Although IUPUI wasn’t officially formed until 1969, the IU Medical Center has been around in one form or another since the early 1900s. See the YouTube version for some of these photos and the links in the description for the entire archive and a history timeline of Indiana University in Indianapolis.

After everyone left, it was strange working alone in the genetics department. I don’t recall, but I don’t believe we continued to have the weekly Friday afternoon staff meetings. The only people around the computer area were me and the keypunch lady, Paula.

There was no pressure to get anything done. Any progress I made was appreciated because their expectations had diminished to zero under those conditions. Some days, I just sat around the office, occasionally checking on the status of the file conversion process. I would sit at Dale’s desk reading an Analog Science Fiction Magazine that I had picked up at the Student Union Bookstore.

Despite the lack of pressure, my health began deteriorating. I would get headaches every day and take some Anacin Aspirin. In the afternoon, I would take a break and go upstairs to a vending machine room in the hospital and grab a Coke.

I had no realization of how much strain this was putting on my heart: coffee for breakfast, Coke for lunch, afternoon Coke for a break, and sometimes Coke for supper. And I was unaware that Anacin brand aspirin also contained caffeine.

At the end of the day, I was exhausted. I would go to bed immediately after supper and fall asleep quickly. In the morning, I was still a mess.

I became severely constipated, and I thought that I was bloated so much it was affecting my breathing. After about three days of this, I went in to work one morning in April 1979 and just couldn’t function. At about 11 AM, I picked up the phone and called my dad at the sheet metal shop where he worked about a mile away. I told him I had to go home. I was exhausted.

As I went to hang up the phone, my arm slipped, and I dropped the receiver. I managed to fling it forward enough that it landed on top of the phone, and I was able to wiggle it into place to hang up. I told someone I was leaving. I went to the lobby and waited for Dad. When I got home, I immediately went to bed.

I never returned to the offices of the Indiana University Department of Medical Genetics.

In our next episode, we will discuss the downward spiral of my health that turned my life upside down.

I suppose before we go, I should close out the Gersting Chronicles.

Some years later, when my sister Karen was in high school, I went to a regional science fair where she exhibited. Drs. John and Judy Gersting’s son Adam, who was approximately my sister’s age, was also exhibiting there. I had a brief, friendly conversation with John.

One day, my friend Rich and I were in a computer store to purchase a copy of the newly released MS-DOS version 6.0, and we ran into Dr. Gersting. Google tells me that would’ve been March 1993. I was able to brag that I had co-authored a book on computer graphics.

I think it was at that encounter that he told me that he had converted our entire genetics database software package to run under Fortran on an IBM PC. They had sold off the big PDP 11/70 because a single PC was more than sufficient to run the entire project. The guy who was the acting chairman was finally appointed permanent chair, and funding was finally resumed. I don’t know if they ever hired any additional programming staff, but they had to hire someone to manage the database

I attended a software conference once, but I don’t remember when. Gersting was in attendance, and we had a nice chat.

A few years ago, I read an article about a new and innovative educational model. You would insist that a student have complete mastery of a block of material before allowing them to proceed to more material in the subject. I laughed out loud about these “innovative and new concepts.” Hell, Gersting had been doing it decades earlier. We couldn’t go to the next chapter in his book until we had passed the quiz on the previous chapter 100%.

I had heard that the Gerstings had moved to Hawaii to take teaching positions there but had returned to Indianapolis and were now listed on the IUPUI website as Professor Emeritus. I obtained their email addresses from their staff listings on the website and sent them both an email reminding them of who I was, including a link to the article about the new and innovative educational concepts. They were both genuinely pleased to hear from me and to hear that I was alive and well.

Once this episode goes public, I will email them again. They are still listed on the IUPUI website as Professor Emeritus, and I’ve not discovered any obituaries for them, so I’m hoping they are still around.

It was a great honor to study with them and to have them consider me a colleague. I have learned more than computer programming from them both, and I cherish all these memories I have shared with you over the past many episodes.

If you find this podcast educational, entertaining, enlightening, or even inspiring, consider sponsoring me on Patreon for just $5 per month. You will get early access to the podcast and other exclusive content. Although I have some financial struggles, I’m not really in this for money. Still, every little bit helps.

As always, my deepest thanks to my financial supporters. Your support means more to me than words can express.

Even if you cannot provide financial support, please post the links and share this podcast on social media so that I can grow my audience. I just want more people to be able to hear my stories.

All of my back episodes are available, and I encourage you to check them out if you’re new to this podcast. If you have any comments, questions, or other feedback, please feel free to comment on any of the platforms where you found this podcast.

I will see you next time as we continue contemplating life. Until then, fly safe.

Contemplating Life – Episode 78 – “Buz is Cool”

In this episode, we continue discussing my brief two years working at the IU Department of Medical Genetics. I tell the story of my friendship with one of my department colleagues.

Links of Interest

Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/contemplatinglife
Where to listen to this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/contemplatinglife
YouTube playlist of this and all other episodes: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFFRYfZfNjHL8bFCmGDOBvEiRbzUiiHpq

YouTube Version

https://youtu.be/M5qM7yAaWvE

Shooting Script

Hi, this is Chris Young. Welcome to episode 78 of Contemplating Life.

In this episode, we continue talking about my brief two years working at the IU Department of Medical Genetics.

In a previous episode, I mentioned a guy who worked there whose name I couldn’t remember. I decided to call him Joe. Anyway, he left the department, leaving a vacancy. Apparently, he was supposedly the manager of the computer group. I never really thought we had anyone who was officially “in charge.” I know he took a lot of responsibility for doing routine maintenance tasks such as backups. But it didn’t feel like we were taking orders from him. It was more of a group effort under Gersting and the geneticists.

Shortly after Joe left, they began interviewing the staff one by one in private. I met again with Dr. Merritt and Dr. Gersting, who had interviewed me for the job initially. They wanted to know if I was happy working there. Did I have any complaints? Just general personnel review kinds of questions.

They then said they were looking for someone to be the project manager. They wondered if I was interested in a managerial position. I quickly said, “No.”

Merritt seemed surprised. His image of me was that I was ambitious. He saw I liked to take charge in some of the meetings. I explained to him what I talked about a couple of episodes ago. I saw my job as sometimes being the middleman or the English language interpreter between the genetics staff and the programming staff. I told them both directly to their faces that sometimes they got so stuck in their own jargon that they were speaking plain English. I had to rephrase everything that was being said just so the other side could understand it.

I don’t recall specifically what their reaction was to my accusation. I’m probably describing it more harshly here than I did to their face. But I’m certain that they knew I was right because they had seen me do it on many occasions. I think somehow Merritt interpreted my need to take charge of the conversation in those instances as a desire to run the show. I suppose if I had been in charge, it would have made it easier to keep people focused and communicating in ways that were productive and improving the quality of the debate.

I made it clear to them that I had no ambitions for a management position, even if it came with more money. Sure, a raise would be great. Everybody wants one of those. But I would have felt quite uncomfortable trying to supervise Dale and Linda, who had been working there much longer than me. Furthermore, I did not want the headache of a managerial position. I didn’t need that kind of pressure.

A few weeks later, they hired a new guy to replace Joe. His name was Roy Buzdor. He was a short, chubby guy with a round face and a bushy mustache. He spent most of his time in his office, not interacting with the rest of us very much at first. When he did interact with us, he acted like he was running the place.

At some point, one of us, I don’t think it was me, asked him, “Who put you in charge?”

He replied, “Dr. Merritt did. He hired me as the project manager.”

Nobody bothered to tell us. It was clear he was Joe’s replacement, but we never thought of Joe as being in charge. Maybe that was his official title. That made things go a little easier between this goofy guy with a funny name who was suddenly in charge. We could focus on our anger on Merritt and the other bosses for not telling us that they hired this guy to be in charge. And I was no fan of Merritt, to begin with, so it was easy to blame it all on him. I think the other gals were more upset than I was. They had seniority, yet the bosses brought in a new stranger and put him in charge. I’m certain I would’ve gotten a lot of ill will if I had been put in charge ahead of them.

With this new perspective on what happened and some time to get to know the guy, things warmed up a bit. It’s always tough for a new guy to assimilate. Being thrust into a management position when no one knew that was your job had to be very rough for him.

One day, someone in the lab was about to have a birthday. Someone purchased a birthday card, and it was passed around for everyone to sign. Even if you didn’t know the person personally, when it was their birthday, you would sign the card and have a piece of cake. When I went to sign it, I could see that the new guy had already signed it with the nickname “Buz.”

I asked him, “Do people call you ‘Buz’?”

He said, “Yes.”

From that point forward, he was no longer Buzdor. He was Buz. For some strange reason, that made a difference.

Buzdor was a goofy name for a goofy guy.

Buz was cool. A guy named Buz had walked on the moon. That was cool. Suddenly, our new guy Buz was cool too.

By the way, this was more than a decade before the movie “Toy Story” and Buzz Lightyear.

Very quickly, Buz and I became good friends. We were both computer nerds, and we loved sci-fi and comics. Once we got to know each other, we hit it off great.

Buz, his wife, and two sons lived in an apartment about a mile west of my house near 34th St. and I-465. Buz and I started getting together outside of work. He would come over about one evening a week, and we would tinker around with my personal computers. He would help me with hardware issues, and we would play computer games. Occasionally, we would go see a movie together. Eventually, he purchased a PC of his own, and he would take me over to his apartment to show it to me. We would work on it together. We would download free or shareware utility software from CompuServe. I will devote a future episode to the details of my first PC.

We had lots of fun at work as well. The computer terminal Buz used in the department was a very expensive graphics terminal called a Digital Equipment Corporation GT-40. It was actually a computer in its own right. It consisted of a PDP 11/10 processor, 8k of memory, a keyboard, a green phosphor monitor, and a light pen. The department had purchased it in the hopes that we could use its graphics capabilities to display and edit family trees, but we never came close to developing that software.

The GT-40 used vector graphics. Most computer monitors used a raster scan, which is the same method used by old analog TVs. The electron gun of the CRT moves across the screen row by row, illuminating phosphor dots. These dots, which we call pixels, create text or graphics. However, a vector terminal like the GT-40 worked differently. The electron gun would zigzag around the screen, actually drawing letters or graphic symbols similar to the way a laser light show can draw things. Because it takes a long time to draw each character on the screen using this method, the display would have an annoying flickering. It used green phosphors because they stay illuminated longer after the electrons stop hitting them. This reduces the flicker, but the flicker can get annoying in a vector graphics terminal like this one.

The GT 40 was quite famous for a videogame called “Lunar Lander.” You would have an icon of a lunar module flying around in space. You would use the light pen to touch the screen the same way you would use a stylus on a modern tablet. You would point at control arrows on the screen that would increase or decrease the braking thrust as well as the orientation of your spaceship. Numbers across the top of the screen would give you your remaining fuel, altitude, horizontal and vertical velocity, and distance to your landing zone.

The goal was to land at the designated landing point without running out of fuel. If you were successful, a tiny astronaut stick figure would climb out of the lunar module and walk into a nearby building with two arches outside. It was a McDonald’s hamburger restaurant on the moon. Buz and I spent many lunch hours playing that game (some longer than an hour). See the links in the description for more info on the GT 40 terminal and its famous lunar landing game.

I found a video online and the guy who restored a vintage GT 40 terminal and got the lunar lander game working on it. He doesn’t have a clear video of the game in progress. All of the videos of him giving a presentation at a conference. You can’t see the screen very clearly.

Eventually, the genetics department began to run out of money. I will explain the details in another episode. But this episode is really about my relationship with my friend Buz. I don’t want to take time out from that by going off on a tangent about department funding.

The short version is that when it became highly probable that the project was about to end, the other programmers began looking for new jobs. They had families to feed and bills to pay. I was living at home with my parents and if I was unemployed for several months until I found a new job it wasn’t going to hurt me.

Linda, the divorcee who continued to sleep with her ex-husband, was the first to go. Then, Buz found a job working for Eli Lilly Pharmaceuticals. They used HP computers in their laboratories, and Buz had previous experience with that brand. Buz had a Master’s degree in chemistry, so working in a genetics lab and then a pharmaceutical company was a natural choice for him.

I was really going to miss him at work, but it didn’t hurt our friendship at all because we were still getting together at least once a week outside of work.

Dale was the next to leave, leaving me as the last programmer there. When people started leaving, we had a fixed amount of money remaining. So every time someone left, there was more money for the rest of us before it ran out. I’m unsure how long I could have worked there on what was left when the other three people quit.

I developed health problems and had to quit shortly after Dale left. There will be a lot more details about my health condition and my departure from the department in future episodes.

Even after I had to quit work, Buz remained a very loyal friend.

He was a devout Methodist. He had been raised in a strict Baptist family, but when he went to college, he met people who were not as strict but were still devout Christians. He realized that some of the things that he was raised to believe were taboo really were not. You can go to R-rated movies, drink moderately, listen to rock music, and still be a good Christian. That’s when he converted to a different denomination.

At the time, I was completely away from the Catholic Church and seriously agnostic, if not totally atheist. We would have interesting theological discussions. Even if I was no longer involved in the church, I could still argue from the Catholic perspective. He didn’t pressure me to return to church, but he did encourage me to be open to the possibility. When I did get involved in the church again, he was very pleased, even if it was Catholicism and not a Protestant denomination.

I suggested that he was the most Catholic Protestant I had ever known, and he thought I was the most Protestant Catholic he had ever known. Neither of us was insulted by that description. We really respected one another.

In one of our theological discussions, he talked about avoiding sin. He taught me things I later incorporated into my lessons where I taught religion at St. Gabriel.

He said that it was improper to ask if something was or was not a sin. He said that when you ask such a question, it’s because you want to know exactly where the line is so you don’t cross it. Why do you need to know exactly where it is? That’s because you want to see how close you can come to the line without crossing. His approach was that you should know the general direction of where that line was and stay as far away from it as you could.

He said if you tiptoe up to that line, sometimes you stumble and cross it, so just don’t approach it. You should be asking how far away I can stay from the line so that when I mess up, I don’t cross it. I just get closer, but then I notice it and work my way back onto the right path.

I expanded upon his idea when I taught this lesson.

I said that when you ask, “Where is the line so I don’t cross it?” you are really saying, “How bad can I be before I get caught?” People do that all the time. They ask questions like, “How many miles an hour can I go over the speed limit before I get a ticket?” Or, “How many questionable deductions can I take on my taxes before it triggers an audit?”

Instead of asking, “Where is the line so I don’t cross it?” You should say, “How good can I be so that when I’m not my best, I’m still plenty good.”

I would give the following example.

Suppose you are engaged to be married, and you have the following conversation with your future spouse.

“Darling, you know that I love you very much.”

“And I love you too.”

“I would never want to do anything to hurt our relationship.”

“And I would never hurt you as well.”

“I’m in this for the long haul and never want to divorce you.”

“Okay… I would hope not.”

“So, tell me, dear, what the minimum I must do to keep you from ever wanting to divorce me so I know that I will never go below the minimum.”

At that point, your fiancé probably will cancel the wedding. If you are concerned with only doing the minimum to avoid divorce, then you are not very serious about having a good relationship.

Yet, when you ask, “Is this a sin?” that is exactly what you are doing in your relationship with God. You are asking what is the minimum that I have to do to avoid going to hell.

Buz taught me that lesson, which has lived on in my teaching for decades.

Later, Buz picked up some side programming jobs working for a local blood lab. They wouldn’t hire him on his own, but they agreed that if he worked for a software firm that they could invoice as a company, they could hire him as an independent contractor. I had my own one-man computer consulting company at the time, so I agreed to consider him my employee. I would bill them for his work, take a small percentage off the top, and pay him the rest.

Buz was a great help when I developed computer software for my disabled friend, Christopher Lee. The YouTube version includes photos of Buz and me working with Christopher.

One day, Buz accompanied me to Saint Gabriel’s because I needed to rewire the keyboard on their PC so that I could operate the shift and control buttons. I was typing with a stick in those days, so I had to have buttons on the end of a wire that I could hold in my left hand to hold down these modifier keys while typing with the stick in my right hand. I remember Fr. Paul asking him what kind of degree he had, hoping it had something to do with computers or electronics. When Buz said his degree was in chemistry, Father got a weird look on his face. I told him, “Don’t worry. We both know what we are doing.”

By the way, I wasn’t the only person who ended up using those extra buttons. A former associate pastor named Fr. Bob Klein had a stroke at a young age and lost much of the use of the left side of his body. He returned to Saint Gabriel’s and was cared for by a guy named Chuck, who lived in the parish rectory to help the priests. Fr. Bob made good use of those buttons for many years, thanks to Buz.

Eventually, Buz was laid off from Eli Lilly. He found a job in East Lansing, Michigan, and moved his family there. We stayed in touch via email. Every couple of years, he would come back to Indiana to visit friends and relatives and would visit with me. In October 1990, when I went to visit my friend Joyce in Detroit, he drove over from East Lansing, and we visited. The last I saw him in person was sometime in 2009. I don’t remember the exact date, but I know we went to see the original Avatar in IMAX 3D, which was released in 2009.

His son Nathan developed Hodgkinson’s disease as a young adult and eventually succumbed to it. It was a test of his faith, but because Buz was of such strong faith, he was able to endure this tragic loss. He videotaped the celebration of life for his son and sent me a copy because I had the ability to convert it to a DVD. Nathan also went by the nickname “Buz,” and it was eerie to hear his friends eulogize their late friend “Buz.”

My friend Buz later developed serious health problems and eventually had to quit work. In late March 2020, I had not heard from him in a few months. I emailed his wife and learned that he had succumbed a few weeks prior.

Buz once told me that he looked forward to the day when we would meet in heaven and we could walk up to each other and give each other a big hug. I told him that I thought in heaven I would still be in a wheelchair because this disability is so much part of my life. The thing that would be different in heaven was it wouldn’t matter that I was in a wheelchair. I told him that he and other friends and family already treated me in such a way that the wheelchair didn’t matter, which made it like heaven on earth.

He presumed, as did I, that he would outlive me, given my fragile health. Now, I am the one who will have to wait for the day when we can be reunited in the next life. And I will get to tell him, “I told you so,” when I roll up to him in my heavenly wheelchair.

Until then, my friend Buz, rest in peace.

In our next episode, we will discuss my remaining work at the department and the circumstances under which I eventually left for health reasons.

If you find this podcast educational, entertaining, enlightening, or even inspiring, consider sponsoring me on Patreon for just $5 per month. You will get early access to the podcast and other exclusive content. Although I have some financial struggles, I’m not really in this for money. Still, every little bit helps.

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I will see you next time as we continue contemplating life. Until then, fly safe.

Contemplating Life – Episode 77 – “Genetics 101”

In recent weeks, I’ve been talking about my work as a computer programmer for the Indiana University Department of Medical Genetics. This week, we take a departure to talk about the work that we did in that department. We will take a deep dive into basic genetics, and you will learn a little bit about the genetic disorder that causes my disability.

Links of Interest

Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/contemplatinglife
Where to listen to this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/contemplatinglife
YouTube playlist of this and all other episodes: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFFRYfZfNjHL8bFCmGDOBvEiRbzUiiHpq

YouTube Version

Shooting Script

Hi, this is Chris Young. Welcome to episode 77 of Contemplating Life.

In recent episodes, I’ve been discussing my work as a computer programmer for the IU Department of Medical Genetics. I wanted to tell a little bit about what we did in that department and how the computer database was used, but you know me. I can’t do anything halfway. So, this episode is going to be a little bit of a departure. It’s an explanation of everything I knew about genetics at the time, along with what I’ve learned in recent years. While trying to explain some of these things, I came up with questions I couldn’t answer, so I had to do some pretty hefty research to fill in those gaps in my knowledge. It marginally relates to my life story because we will also discuss how genetics play a part in my disability caused by Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Hold on to your hats. This is going to be a deep dive into Genetics 101.

In the nucleus of every cell in your body are 46 strands of a molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA for short. These 46 strands are called chromosomes.

By the way, everything I will say about chromosomes refers only to human chromosomes. Other species have different numbers of chromosomes, or their DNA may be arranged differently in the cell. So, I’m limiting our discussion to human chromosomes.

You’ve probably seen illustrations of what a DNA molecule looks like. I have some images in the YouTube version of this episode. Imagine a rope ladder that has been twisted. This shape is called a double helix. Each “rung” of the ladder consists of two molecules of amino acids. There are four such varieties of amino acids in DNA. They are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. They are designated by the letters A, T, C, and G, respectively.

Each ladder rung is either an A paired with a T or a G paired with a C. An A cannot pair with a G or C, nor can a T pair with a G or C. This is because A and T connect using two hydrogen atoms, while C and G connect using three hydrogen atoms

The “ropes” that hold these rungs in place are made of two strands that alternate between a sugar molecule and a phosphate molecule. The sugar molecule contains an asymmetrical ring of 5 carbon atoms. The phosphate groups connect to either carbon atom at position 3 or position 5. So, at the end of a DNA sequence, you always have either a 5-connected phosphate or a 3-connected phosphate. By convention, scientists read from the 5 end towards the 3 end because that’s the direction in which nature reads the DNA when it copies it during cell division.

For example, if you have a string of DNA that is AAGG because the A is always paired with a T and the G is always paired with a C, it could be just as easy to say that this sequence is TTCC. So you have to look at the end of the DNA sequence and see if its phosphate group is connected to carbon atom 3 or carbon atom 5. Always start at the end with the 5.

These strings of letters A, T, G, and C are codes that tell your body chemistry how to create proteins. They are divided into three character words called codons. There are 64 possible combinations. Each one is an instruction to create a particular amino acid. Proteins are long strings of amino acids. There are not 64 different amino acids. Some combinations of three letters produce the same amino acid. See the table linked in the description that shows which combination of DNA bases produces which amino acids.

An area on your chromosome that contains the instructions for producing one particular protein is called a gene. Not everything on a chromosome is significant. It is estimated that only 1.5% of human DNA actually does anything. The rest of it is random noise.

When a cell wants to produce a protein, it temporarily unzips the two halves of the DNA molecule, like cutting the ladder’s rungs. More amino acids connect to these broken ladder rungs to create a new molecule called messenger RNA, or mRNA. Once the mRNA is created, the DNA halves zip back together. The mRNA then produces the protein based on information provided by the DNA.

As I mentioned, chromosomes are simply long strands of DNA. Under a microscope, you normally cannot see DNA strands because they are all tangled up. However, when the cell divides, duplicating itself, the chromosomes bunch up and become visible lines. Before the cell divides, think of the tangled-up DNA as a bunch of USB cables tangled up in your junk drawer. You can’t make any sense of it. But as the cell divides and the DNA duplicates itself, each strand bunches up sort of like the curly cue cable on a landline telephone handset. When it’s all coiled up like that, you can see it under a microscope.

If you’ve seen photographs of chromosomes, they seem to have a characteristic X shape. Think of two long balloons, the type of which you use to make balloon animals, sitting side-by-side and tied together somewhere in the middle with a tight string. However, these are actually two chromosomes fastened together by something called a centromere. The centromere isn’t exactly in the center, so the short arm of the chromosome is called the “p” arm, and the long arm is called the “q” arm. When a cell completes division, the centromere breaks apart, giving two exact copies of the same chromosome. One goes into one cell and the other into the other cell. So, chromosomes are not really X-shaped except when they are self-duplicating. Normally, they are just single strings of DNA.

I learned this five minutes ago. My whole life, I thought chromosomes were roughly X-shaped because all the photos depict them that way. You learn something new every day.

Okay, let’s talk about human chromosomes, whatever the hell shape they really are.

Each cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, the first 22 of which are numbered 1 through 22. These are called autosomes. The longest one is chromosome 1, and the shortest is 22. Chromosome 1 is nearly 3 times longer than 22.

Well, almost. That ordering isn’t exactly accurate. For example, 21 is actually the shortest, and 20 is actually longer than 19. This is because back when they were numbering chromosomes, it was difficult to determine the exact length. They got it wrong. But by then, the labels had already been established, and they didn’t fix it.

You also have another pair of chromosomes called allosomes–also known as sex chromosomes. There are two varieties: X and Y. By the way, those labels have nothing to do with the appearance of the chromosomes; they are just labels they were given. I learned that about a year ago. I thought they looked like X and Y. But then again, I thought that all chromosomes had sort of an X-shape, and that was wrong, too.

By the way, the X chromosome is the eighth largest, and the Y is the third smallest.

In most human beings, females have two X chromosomes, while most males have an X and a Y. I said “most” because there are variations such as XXX, XYY, and all sorts of other combinations resulting in an intersex individual, but we won’t go into that right now.

You have two copies of chromosomes 1 through 22. One copy is from your mother, and the other is from your father. For the sex chromosomes, your mother gave you an X because she only had Xs to give. Your father had an X and a Y, so if he gave you an X, you would end up with two of them, and you would be female. If your father gave you a Y, then you ended up with an X and a Y, and you are male.

So, you are a mix of the genetic information from your mother and father. They each gave you one of each variety of chromosomes. But how do you pass that information along to your children?

I said that every cell contains 46 chromosomes, but that’s not entirely true. Men produce sperm, and women produce ova. These specialized cells (collectively known as gametes) only have 23 chromosomes. When the sperm and ovum combine during fertilization, that brings the number back up to the full 46.

Gametes are produced by specialized cells called germ cells, which undergo a special type of division known as meiosis. Meiosis is a complicated multi-step process that results in a unique mixture of maternal and paternal genetic material.

How do we determine which 23 of the 46 chromosomes go into your sperm or ova? Does it take a random sampling of the chromosomes given to you by your parents? Perhaps one of my sperm contains chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 9, etc., from my mom and 2, 4, 6, 8, etc., from my dad?

If that were the case, and we were sampling entire chromosomes, we wouldn’t have as much variety in human beings. Our family resemblance would be much more significant. The beauty of sexual reproduction is that we get a random mix of all of our genetic material each generation. The mix is more complicated than simply picking an entire chromosome from either grandma or grandpa.

During meiosis, the chromosomes undergo a process called recombination. Each chromosome is chopped up into random-length pieces, creating a new chromosome that contains sequences from both your mother and your father. This swapping between maternal and paternal DNA typically occurs between one to four times for each chromosome.

By the way, this creates a problem when creating sperm. Females have 2 X chromosomes, and they can be easily chopped up and recombined. However, men only have the maternal X and the paternal Y. How do you mix that up? The X and Y have a shared region known as the pseudoautosomal region or PAR. The PAR undergoes frequent recombination between the X and Y chromosomes, but recombination is suppressed in other regions of the Y chromosome that are unique to that chromosome. These regions contain sex-determining and other male-specific genes.

The bottom line is that the reason your children are not more identical than they are is because they have a truly random set of genetic material from you and your spouse–from your parents and your spouse’s parents.

This mixing of genes from both paternal and maternal sources when creating a gamete is important when you are trying to figure out if your children are going to inherit some genetic trait. Most importantly, the clients of our genetics department wanted to know if their children would inherit some genetic disorder. They might know that certain diseases, such as hemophilia, muscular dystrophy, Huntington’s disease, etc., run in their family. They want to know the odds their children will inherit the disease.

As mentioned previously, genes are instructions on how to create proteins. But there are varieties of each gene. For example, there is a gene that determines eye color. Or at least, to a certain extent, the difference between brown and blue eyes. There can be all sorts of shades of both, but the basic color is controlled by one gene. This eye color gene is in the same location, but the DNA sequence in the gene differs between brown-eyed people and blue-eyed people. Genes that have multiple varieties, such as the blue-eyed gene versus the brown-eyed gene, are called alleles.

In general, the brown-eyed allele is dominant, and the blue-eyed allele is recessive. Lots of genes have dominant and recessive alleles. So, let’s generalize this.

If we describe the brown allele as “D” for dominant and the blue allele as “R” for recessive, there are four possible combinations: DD, DR, RD, and RR. If we are talking about brown versus blue lies, then the DD, DR, and RD combinations give you brown eyes. Only people with two copies of the recessive allele, those with RR, will have blue eyes. That’s why we say the brown-eyed allele is dominant over the blue-eyed allele.

Designations such as DD, DR, RD, and RR are known as genotypes. However, your phenotype is the way you look externally, that is, whether you have brown or blue eyes.

The alleles for genetic disorders are mostly recessive. If they were not, genetic disorders would be much more common. Someone with a genotype of DR or RD is said to be a carrier of the disorder. You don’t exhibit the symptoms of the disease, but you can pass it along to your children if your spouse is also a carrier.

My disability is caused by a disease known as Spinal Muscular Atrophy. SMA for short. It is a recessive condition. So, my parents were both carriers. They had a genotype of DR or RD. If I had gotten the D allele from both of them, I would neither have the disease nor carry it. On average, there is a 25% chance of that happening. If I got an R from one and a D from the other, I would either be RD or DR, and like them, I would be a carrier but would not exhibit the disease. The odds of that happening are 25% + 25% = 50%. The odds of getting RR are 25%. Lucky me… That’s when I have. I exhibit the disease, and I naturally am a carrier. In this way, the disease can be passed down for many generations before it might appear. You have to have a mate who is also a carrier. Even if you have a partner who is also a carrier, on average, only one-fourth of your children will exhibit the disease.

Specifically, SMA is caused by a problem with the Survival Motor Neuron gene, also known as SMN1. It creates a protein called the SMN protein. This protein is essential to the survival of your motor neurons. These are the nerves that control your muscles – not the nerves for sensation. The SMN1 gene is located on the fifth chromosome at a location labeled 5q13.1. That means it’s on the number five chromosome on the q arm at location 13.1. I don’t know the details of how they came up with 13.1. It wasn’t worth it to research that.

Chromosomes consist of coded sections called exons and filler sections known as introns. The SMN1 gene consists of 9 exons. Somewhere along the way in my genetic history, the 7th exon was deleted. Something during the DNA replication process caused that section to be left out. Think of cutting a scene out of a piece of film and splicing it back together. Without that properly formed gene, the SMN protein is not properly created to feed your motor neurons. The motor neuron dies off, which eventually causes your muscles to atrophy.

The only reason people with SMA survive is that we have at least one backup gene, SMN2. Most people have at least one copy of SMN2 and may have as many as four or five copies. Unfortunately, in everyone’s SMN2 gene, there is a problem. It is identical to SMN1 except for one letter in the sequence. There is a T where there should have been a C. The end result is that SMN2 only creates the proper protein about 10% of the time. People with the deleted section in SNM1 have lower levels of the SMN protein because the SMN2 gene doesn’t work as well as it should. People with less severe forms of the disease generally have multiple copies of SMN2. Specifically, I have two copies. Even among individuals with the same number of SMN2 backup genes, there can be a variety of severities of the disease. There must be other factors involved besides the number of SMN2 genes.

For nearly 3 years, I’ve been taking a drug called Evrysdi, which makes the SMN2 genes work better. Children who begin receiving the drug at an early age can keep their motor neurons from dying off. At best, the drug keeps me from getting worse, or if I deteriorate, I will do so much more slowly than I would have without it.

Sometimes, the gene which causes a particular disorder is located on the X chromosome. For example, the most common type of muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, is that way. So is hemophilia. If you are female, you would have a good X and a bad X, but the good one is dominant, so you would carry the disease but not exhibit it. However, if you are male, your Y chromosome doesn’t have that section, so it can’t compensate for the bad X. So typically, only males get the disease. The females carry it.

The only way a female could get muscular dystrophy or hemophilia is if their mother was a carrier and their father had the disease. Then you can get a bad X from both. But that’s extremely rare.

Such conditions are called “sex-linked traits” because males exhibit the disease and inherit it from their mothers.

I always knew that whatever I had, it wasn’t Duchenne muscular dystrophy, but for many years, I incorrectly presumed that it was probably a sex-linked condition just like DMD. It isn’t. My disease comes from chromosome 5 and not X or Y.

Here’s a funny story for you…

One day, I was at a conference with my friend Joyce. I was trying to explain to someone this phenomenon of a sex-linked trait. After telling people about my condition, which I presumed was sex-linked, they misunderstood me. Later, Joyce overheard them discussing it, and they thought a sexually transmitted disease caused my disability.

Well… In some respects, it was. All genetic conditions are sexually transmitted. Your parents had sex, and you inherited the disease. I don’t know if this confusion has occurred in other settings, but more modern terminology is that such conditions are called X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive, and Y-linked diseases rather than sex-linked.

Okay, here’s an old Dad joke. Did you know that diarrhea is genetic?

It runs in your jeans.

Anyway… Let’s get back to the story about the work we did in the genetics department. When I worked there in the late 1970s, the state of the art of genetics was not as advanced as it is today. I don’t know if it was impossible or just extremely difficult to find out the exact sequence of A, T, C, and G in a particular location. Scientists were uncertain about the location of a gene or genes that cause a particular disorder.

Our database stored information on “genetic markers” for each person in the database. A genetic marker is a gene or other sequence of DNA at a known location on a particular chromosome. For it to be most useful, it should be something you can easily test for, such as blood type. In addition to blood types A, B, AB, and O with both positive and negative Rh factors, there are other blood types and biological serums that can easily be collected and tested. Our database included information on about 15-20 different genetic markers. I forget exactly how many markers we could track or what they were.

So, if you have a genetic trait that you cannot directly test for but you know that the gene is adjacent to something you can test for, the way that chromosomes get chopped up and recombined during meiosis means that it is highly likely that if you inherited a genetic marker from your parents, a gene near that marker would also be inherited.

Hypothetically, let’s presume your mom is blood type O and your dad’s blood type A. Your blood type will be A because that’s dominant over type O. Now, let’s presume there is a gene that is near the blood type gene on the same chromosome. Let’s presume that this mystery gene causes some genetic disease. We have no way to test for it directly. Or at least we didn’t in the late 1970s.

Furthermore, let’s say your dad is a carrier of this disease, but your mom is not. You want to know if you inherited that bad gene from your dad or if you got a good variety from your mom. If your blood type is O, that means that section of that chromosome came from your mom. It is highly unlikely that during meiosis, the recombination will split exactly between your blood type gene and the bad gene we are worried about. That means it’s likely that section of chromosome came from your mom and not your dad, so you don’t have anything to worry about. On the other hand, if your blood type is A, like your dad’s, it is highly likely you also inherited that adjacent bad gene.

Scientists also used this method to determine the location of particular genes. For example, Huntington’s disease is an inherited degenerative neurological disease. By studying the genetic markers of thousands of individuals who either have or carry the disease, scientists could indirectly determine the location of the gene that causes it. Scientists at some other universities narrowed down the location of the Huntington’s gene, and data from our database, which included a large number of Huntington’s families, was used to verify the results of their findings.

In the YouTube version of this podcast, you can see an article from the Journal “Nature” where they announced the discovery of the genetic marker for Huntington’s disease. I’ve also linked the article in the description.

One of the co-authors of the article is P. Michael Conneally, who was a geneticist at the IU Department of Medical Genetics when I worked there. He was the guy with the thick Irish accent who took my phone call when I first applied for the job.

Although this article wasn’t published until November 1983, we knew that they had discovered the gene in the late 1970s when I still worked there. Apparently, they just narrowed it down. Wikipedia reports that the exact location wasn’t determined until 1993.

By the way, I’ve also linked the Wikipedia article about Dr. Conneally, who had many accomplishments, including the discovery of over 20 human genes. He was a founding member of the department. He died in 2017. He was a great guy.

In 1990, the Human Genome Project was started. Its goal was to sequence the entire human set of chromosomes. They took samples from several donors and produced a map of all 24 varieties of human chromosomes, that is, chromosomes 1 through 22 and X and Y. They were able to sequence 92.1% of human DNA. The parts they could not sequence are the little regions where the chromosomes get tied together, called centromeres, and the ends of the chromosomes, called telomeres. But those generally are not significant.

The guesswork that had to be done using genetic markers and probabilities that we worked on in the 1970s is no longer necessary, but we did some groundbreaking work at the time.

I’m proud to know that the database I helped build was used to identify the gene that causes a serious genetic disorder like Huntington’s disease.

That was a very long, highly technical podcast just to explain what that previous sentence meant. But you learned a little genetics along the way, especially as it relates to my disability.

In our next episode, we will discuss my remaining work at the department and the circumstances under which I eventually left for health reasons.

If you find this podcast educational, entertaining, enlightening, or even inspiring, consider sponsoring me on Patreon for just $5 per month. You will get early access to the podcast and other exclusive content. Although I have some financial struggles, I’m not really in this for money. Still, every little bit helps.

As always, my deepest thanks to my financial supporters. Your support means more to me than words can express.

Even if you cannot provide financial support, please post the links and share this podcast on social media so that I can grow my audience. I just want more people to be able to hear my stories.

All of my back episodes are available, and I encourage you to check them out if you’re new to this podcast. If you have any comments, questions, or other feedback, please feel free to comment on any of the platforms where you found this podcast.

I will see you next time as we continue contemplating life. Until then, fly safe.

Contemplating Life – Episode 76a – “There is Always More to Learn”

This week, I discussed my obsessive need to leave no gaps in these stories. I discovered some additional information that should’ve been in the previous episode, and I just couldn’t proceed without filling in the extra details. I also tried creating some illustrations using ChatGPT in this episode, so I highly recommend that you watch the YouTube version rather than listen to this episode.

Links of Interest

Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/contemplatinglife
Where to listen to this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/contemplatinglife
YouTube playlist of this and all other episodes: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFFRYfZfNjHL8bFCmGDOBvEiRbzUiiHpq

YouTube Version

Shooting Script

Hi, this is Chris Young. Welcome to a special episode of Contemplating Life. Although I tried to keep these episodes completely listenable, you might want to check out the YouTube version because it focuses heavily on images I found of the old computer we used in the Genetics Department.

I’ve also included some ChatGPT-generated images to illustrate a story. So, I really recommend you watch the YouTube version if you can.

Because I consider it an addendum to episode 76, I’m calling this one Episode 76a, titled “There is Always More to Learn.”

I heard a parable once about a man who had spent his entire lifetime collecting knowledge. One day, he realized that all that knowledge would be lost when his life was over. So he set about the task of trying to write down everything he knew so that he could share it with the world and leave a legacy. He ascended the steps of his ivory tower, where, surrounded by his hundreds of books, he would write his magnum opus.

As he wrote, he realized there were gaps in his knowledge, so he set about doing more research to fill those gaps so that his work would be complete. He became so processed with his work that he slept little and often forgot to eat. He ignored such niceties as taking care of personal hygiene. Eventually, his obsession got the better of him. He was discovered one day slumped over his desk, deceased.

The person who found him gave him a respectable burial and then set about cleaning up the mess in the ivory tower. Over 1,000 pages of handwritten manuscript were scattered about the room, but the material was so disorganized that he could not make any sense of it. He gathered it up, disposed of it, and sold off the vast library to pay for the deceased’s expenses.

I felt convicted when I heard this story because, at the time, I was keeping an extensive personal journal about my life. But I shared it with only a small handful of people.

I would have some experience in my life and then spend days and days chronicling it for the journal. I realized I was spending more time writing about my life than I was living it. As a result of this epiphany, I pledged to share my work with a wider audience. The result was a publication of my award-winning article “The Reunion,” which I shared here in Episode 22.

I learned the lesson of the parable well: You have to share your knowledge and cannot be so obsessed with its mere collection.

Unfortunately, I still suffer from the concept that my work has to be 100% complete. I have not yet fully embraced the realization that such 100% completion is impossible. You have seen this obsession at work in me because I often have to tell a lengthy backstory before I can tell the story I really want to tell. As I write this podcast and share it with the world, I’m continually troubled by the gaps I have left in the story and still am obsessed with filling those gaps.

For example, in our next episode, I wanted to tell about the work we did in the genetics lab. However, I realized that I had to give some background on basic genetics for you to understand it. As I was explaining the genetics, I discovered gaps in my knowledge. And like the man in the ivory tower, I had to fill those gaps before I could proceed. Episode 77 will be titled “Genetics 101.” After hearing the episode, you may think it was more of a 300 or 400-level course, but I still call it Genetics 101. When I was finally sufficiently satisfied that I had covered the topic well enough, I started work on episodes 78 and 79.

Episode 79 will discuss the consequences of the departure of the department chairman, Dr. Donald Merritt, who had hired me. I couldn’t recall the name of the guy who took over as acting chair. A Google search for chairpersons of the Indiana University Department of Medical Genetics led me to a photograph of Dr. Merritt and another of the other geneticists who worked on the project and was my supervisor, Dr. Kewon Kang. They were posing, looking at a computer printout, and were seated in front of our department’s PDP 11/70 minicomputer.

As I write this episode, I published episode 76 just four days ago. In the YouTube version, I included many photos of other people’s PDP 11/70 machines because I thought there was no way on earth I would ever have a photo of the machine I used. I was so angry I had not discovered this photo earlier so that it could be included in episode 76.

Furthermore, that episode included extensive technical details about the hardware, especially as it was configured in our department. However, the photo refreshed my memory about a piece of hardware I had forgotten about and another minor piece of hardware I chose not to write about.

Well hell… What to do about that? Just include the new photo in episode 79 identifying the two men and saying, “By the way, that’s our actual machine in the background.” I could do that. But what about that hardware in the photo that I didn’t describe when I talked about the machine in the last episode? It’s just sitting there in the background, screaming at me, “Chris! You didn’t talk about me. How could you be so negligent to talk about this computer and leave me out of the story.”

The realization that I had left out this detail was like dangling a bunch of drugs in front of an addict.

So, an obsession compels me to tell you about that stupid couple of pieces of hardware, or I won’t make it to the next episodes. I can just imagine myself on my deathbed, feeling devastated that I left out these details. Okay… perhaps it isn’t that bad, but it’s closer than you think. The result is I’m going to tell you about the stupid hardware anyway.

See the YouTube video version of this episode to see the photo in question and to follow along with the following explanation.

The older Spencerguy on the right is Dr. Merritt, whom you’ve already heard about in previous episodes. The guy on the left is Dr. Kang, who will be featured in episode 79.

To the upper right of Merritt’s head are several rows of tape spools known as DECtapes. Everything in a Digital Equipment Corporation computer seems to have the prefix “DEC” in front of it. DECtape, DEC-System-10 percent, DECwriter, and so on. The outer rim of the spool was 3-7/8″ in diameter. The inner diameter where the tape was wound was 2-3/4″, so the wound tape only occupied about 1-inch thickness. The tape was 3/4″ wide. The spool was stored in a translucent plastic container, usually with a blue tint. There was a paper sticker on the front where you could write identifying information. They were used on a variety of Digital Equipment Corporation computers, including the DEC-System 10 that I used in college.

Students in computer science were permitted to purchase one of these tapes for their personal use. I don’t recall what they cost, but I think it was around $10. I owned one in those days. I used it to keep an archive of all the programs I wrote and a few computer games on the system. I could’ve transferred those programs from the University’s DEC-10 to our department’s PDP 11, but I don’t think I ever did. I’m not sure what happened to my DECtape. I haven’t seen it in decades, and I probably threw it away because I didn’t have any way to get the information off it anymore.

The tape would store 184K of data. It was formatted in blocks that could be randomly read and written, so it had its own file directory at the beginning of the tape and a file system. Functionally, it was like a floppy disk on early personal computers. It was slow but not prohibitively so. The tape could be wound from end to end in about 30 seconds. The only other way students had to store programs was punched paper tape on the teletype machines. That was a pain to use.

I don’t recall ever using the DECtapes in my two years at the genetics department. I have no idea what was on those tapes, but I presume it was some sort of backup. I believe that they also used them to distribute updated software from DEC headquarters to our facility.

The two white circles to the left of Dr. Kang’s head are DECtape spools mounted on the TU56 DECtape drive. That drive would hold two tapes. You cannot see the other spools behind his head. I have included a photo of a DECtape drive that I found online. I remembered that we had DECtape drives on our machine, but I didn’t bother to talk about them in the last episode because I don’t recall ever using them.

In the background, between the two men, you can see one of two RK05 disk drives known as DECpacks. I couldn’t remember what they were called. I had to zoom in on the photo to see the word “DECpack” and then do some Google searches to get the technical details.

They contained a removable cartridge containing a single 14-inch disk platter that would hold about 2.5 MB. I vaguely recall that we used them for backup purposes.

So there it is. I can now sleep at night now that I haven’t left a gap in the story. At least, unlike the guy in the parable, I shared it with you before I died.

In episode 77, which I’ve already written, I will take a deep dive into genetics just so that I can tell you about a paragraph’s worth of explanation of what we did in the department. It’s another one of those instances where I had to tell you a huge amount of background just so I can tell you one little thing. In fact, that’s what I did in this episode. I gave you a huge amount of background just to tell you what a DECtape and DECpack were.

Episode 78 will be about a new guy who joined the programming staff in the genetics department and became a very dear friend.

Episode 79 will describe my departure from the department.

If you find this podcast educational, entertaining, enlightening, or even inspiring, consider sponsoring me on Patreon for just $5 per month. Even if I am too long-winded. You will get early access to the podcast and other exclusive content. Although I have some financial struggles, I’m not really in this for money. Still, every little bit helps.

As always, my deepest thanks to my financial supporters. Your support means more to me than words can express.

Even if you cannot provide financial support. Please, please, please post the links and share this podcast on social media so that I can grow my audience. I just want more people to be able to hear my stories.

All of my back episodes are available, and I encourage you to check them out if you’re new to this podcast. If you have any comments, questions, or other feedback, please feel free to comment on any of the platforms where you found this podcast.

I will see you next time as we continue contemplating life. Until then, fly safe.

Contemplating Life – Episode 76 – “The Quality of the Debate”

This week, we continue reminiscing about my first and only full-time job as a computer programmer. I worked in the IU Department of Medical Genetics along with my college mentor, Dr. John Gersting.

Links of Interest

Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/contemplatinglife
Where to listen to this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/contemplatinglife
YouTube playlist of this and all other episodes: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFFRYfZfNjHL8bFCmGDOBvEiRbzUiiHpq

YouTube Version

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Yuzq0JlXrg

Shooting Script

Hi, this is Chris Young. Welcome to episode 76 of Contemplating Life.

This week, we continue reminiscing about my first and only full-time job as a computer programmer. I worked in the IU Department of Medical Genetics along with my college mentor, Dr. John Gersting.

I don’t recall what hourly rate I was paid when I went full-time at the genetics department, but it was substantially more than I made as a student programmer. I recall that my annual total came out to about $11,700 per year, which may not seem like much, but that would be about $56,500 in today’s dollars. According to a website I found, that is well above what an entry-level programmer would make in Indianapolis today. I don’t have statistics for how it ranks in the late 70s. There was a common conception that jobs in academia did not pay as well as those in business or industry, and computer programmers were in short supply in those days, so I probably could’ve earned much more elsewhere. But I really liked the job. I liked working with Gersting even though he was just a part-time consultant on the project, and it was very convenient for me.

As I mentioned previously, I would ride to work each day with my dad. I would arrive around 8:30, and most department employees began work at 9. I would leave each day at 4:30, while the others stayed until 5. My bosses were quite understanding. This schedule worked well for me and my dad.

As I had predicted, limiting my work to just 40 hours per week was a great relief compared to the frantic schedule of being a college student. The only challenge was it was quite tough to get up that early. Mom would get me dressed every morning while Dad was getting ready for work. Often, it felt like I slept through it. I joked, “Sometimes I wake up in the lobby of Riley Hospital and don’t have any idea how I got there. I have to wake up to drive to the elevator, go down to the basement, and to my office.”

The department had its own minicomputer, a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP 11/70. The term “minicomputer” was relative to the huge mainframe computers of the day. This minicomputer had significantly less computing power than today’s desktop PCs, which are called microcomputers. The PDP 11 was a 16-bit computer, whereas today’s PCs are 64-bit. The minimum configuration of a PDP 11 had only 4k of memory, although the 11/70 was expandable to 4MB. I don’t know how much memory our computer had.

By size comparison, it was huge. It sat in a row of four cabinets about 2 and a half feet square and about 6 feet tall. The front panel has lots of blinking lights and toggle switches. See the YouTube version of this episode for photos of similar machines. One of the cabinets contained a 12-inch tape drive that we used to back up our data from the hard drives. In the center of the room sat two large cabinets slightly smaller than a washing machine. These were our RM05 hard disk drives. A removable stack of 12 disk platters that were 14 inches in diameter was inserted into the drive. Only 19 of the 24 surfaces of these platters were used for writing data. The others were protective platters or contained information that helped position the read/write heads and index the sectors and tracks of the disk platters.

Each of these two drives held only 256 MB. Your smartphone likely has at least 32 GB, or 8 times as much storage. My desktop has several drives that can hold 1 TB, which would be 8,000 times more than these washing machine-sized cabinets.

Periodically, we would back up the entire system. You would take the system offline, put a backup platter stack into one of the machines, and copy the other drive in its entirety. Then, you would remove both of those and copy the second drive to a backup.

We had two printers connected to the machine. One was a traditional line printer, and the other looked like a laser printer but used special chemically treated paper. I have no idea how it worked.

We had 4 CRT terminals and a DEC-Writer teletype machine connected by serial cables.

The computer room had its own air conditioning unit, but it wasn’t like we had to use clean room protocols in the area. We could come and go as we pleased. I remember the air conditioning being quite noisy.

As I mentioned, we were in the hospital’s basement. Next to the computer, they had drilled a hole in the concrete floor and driven into it a copper stake about 3/4 inch in diameter. Connected to the stake was a large braided copper cable that grounded the computer. About once a week, someone had to take a watering can and pour water around the ground stake so that it would make good contact with the earth. On occasion, we would forget to do so, and the computer would start acting crazy. We would water the ground stake and do a reboot, and it would work fine.

I’ve told you about the other student programmers who worked with me that one summer, but I’ve not told you about the three other full-time programmers who worked there while I was there.

The full-time programmers worked in three offices adjacent to the computer room, while the student programmers and I worked in an office across the hall. Adjacent to the room I worked in was a genetics lab. Apparently, they used mildly radioactive reagents in some of the lab work, so there was a sticker on the door with a radiation symbol and a warning that read, “Radioactive materials used inside.” Someone had written below that the words “pre-faded genes only.”

Unfortunately, I don’t remember all of the other programmers’ names. There was a guy whose name, I think, was Steve or Joe or something similar. For future reference, we will call him Steve, but I don’t guarantee that was his name. He was a talented programmer who managed to get that graphics family tree program working to a certain extent. He was a nice enough guy but a bit of an introvert and not very sociable. I didn’t get to know him well.

There was a very outgoing African-American woman named Dale who was very friendly, and I got along well with her. We joked around a lot. More stories about her in a minute.

The third woman, I think her name was Linda, was in her mid-30s, divorced, and I believe had a couple of kids. She had a grumpy attitude most of the time, but occasionally, she would come in Monday morning with a large smile and a cheerful attitude. We learned that on these occasions, she had spent the weekend sleeping with her ex-husband even though they had been completely divorced for a couple of years. This seemed to drive Dale crazy because her relationship with her ex was nothing like that. It was funny to watch Dale rant and rave about the situation.

Dale was a devout religious woman. She taught Sunday school in her church. I don’t know what Protestant denomination she belonged to. But one day, she was struggling with her lesson plan for, I believe, kindergarten or first-grade children. She said, “The Scripture reading this week is from the Book of Revelation, where it says that in the end times, the sun will go black and the moon will turn to blood.” She knew that I taught Scripture classes at my church and wanted my advice on how to teach young children about the end times. “What do I do,” she asked. “Have them draw a picture of the night sky and color the moon red?”

I asked her, “Why do you want to teach the end of the world to a bunch of 5 or 6-year-olds? Isn’t it better to say that someday Jesus will return, and there will be signs that we can see that he is coming back? Tell them to look at the leaves in the fall, which is a sign that winter is coming. Or tell them to look at the flowers and the grass in the spring, which is a sign that summer is coming. We don’t know exactly what kind of signs we will see when Jesus comes, but they will be there. You can’t get caught up in the details. Find the message behind the Scripture.”

I tried to explain to her that the prophecies of Revelation were symbolic. When it says that the sun will turn black and the moon will turn red, it’s just talking about solar and lunar eclipses. Naturally, during a solar eclipse, the sun goes black. During a lunar eclipse, the earth casts a shadow on the moon, and the scattering of sunlight through the Earth’s atmosphere gives the moon a red tinge. Ancient people believed that eclipses were an omen of something serious coming.

“But it doesn’t say there’s going to be an eclipse,” she protested. “It says the moon will turn to blood.”

I said, “Just so I understand– You really believe that at the end of the world, the moon will suddenly transform from a giant rock into a huge drop of human blood?”

“Of course not,” she replied. “It doesn’t say human blood. It just says blood.”

“Sorry, Dale. You’re on your own on this one,” I said.

I mentioned that when I first tried to inquire about the job, Dr. Coneally was in a weekly staff meeting with Dr. Gersting and others. Although I didn’t attend those meetings as a student programmer, I did attend once I worked there full-time. We met in a conference room on the ground floor. The programming staff, including Gersting, sat on one side of the table, and the genetics staff, including the department chairman, Dr. Merritt, sat on the other.

Because it is difficult for me to turn my head side to side, I generally sat at the head or foot of the table so that I could look slightly left or right to make eye contact with either side of the table.

The programming staff had difficulty explaining to the genetics people what was going on and what challenges we were facing in getting the software up and running. Similarly, the MDs on the other side of the table had trouble expressing themselves in language that the programmers could understand.

Of course, I understood the programming issues pretty well, and having lived my life with a genetic disease, I knew enough genetics to follow along even if I was no expert. So there I sat with PhDs on either side of me who could not communicate with one another because they were so stuck in their own jargon that they couldn’t speak plain English. Often, I found myself innocently saying something like, “So what you are saying, Dr. Gersting is…” And then I would repeat the same thing in plain English. And I occasionally had to reinterpret what the genetics people were saying in plain English. The response generally was, “Why didn’t he just say that?” That’s what I wanted to know. Why can’t they just speak plain English?

It frustrated me that I was surrounded by highly educated people with such poor communication skills.

After these Friday staff meetings, Gersting and the computing staff would return to our dungeon offices. Gersting would sit back in his chair and say, “I don’t know if we accomplished anything today, but the quality of the debate was much improved.”

I’ve been using that sentence for decades, especially during some of those contentious Finance Committee and Parish Council meetings that I had at Saint Gabriel during my years of ministry there. Sometimes, success is measured in such tiny increments that simply getting your point across can be considered a victory.

I’d like to think that in my two years working in the genetics department, I contributed to improving the quality of the debate.

In our next episode, we will discuss my remaining work at the department and the circumstances under which I eventually left for health reasons.

If you find this podcast educational, entertaining, enlightening, or even inspiring, consider sponsoring me on Patreon for just $5 per month. You will get early access to the podcast and other exclusive content. Although I have some financial struggles, I’m not really in this for money. Still, every little bit helps.

As always, my deepest thanks to my financial supporters. Your support means more to me than words can express.

Even if you cannot provide financial support. Please, please, please post the links and share this podcast on social media so that I can grow my audience. I just want more people to be able to hear my stories.

All of my back episodes are available, and I encourage you to check them out if you’re new to this podcast. If you have any comments, questions, or other feedback, please feel free to comment on any of the platforms where you found this podcast.

I will see you next time as we continue contemplating life. Until then, fly safe.

Contemplating Life – Episode 75 – “TV reviews: Fall 2024 Part 1”

This week, we have a special episode where I review six new TV shows and one movie that have recently premiered.

TV Shows and Films Reviewed

Note: I’m only linking movies and TV series. You can click on the IMDb links to find the actors mentioned.

Other Links of Interest

Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/contemplatinglife
Where to listen to this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/contemplatinglife
YouTube playlist of this and all other episodes: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFFRYfZfNjHL8bFCmGDOBvEiRbzUiiHpq

YouTube Version

Shooting Script

Hello, this is Chris Young. Welcome to a special episode of Contemplating Life.

Years ago, I used to write an entertainment blog in which I would post non-gossip entertainment news. That is, I didn’t care who was sleeping with whom. I didn’t care who got divorced or broken up or got married or got arrested for something. I simply covered things like what new TV shows were being released, what new movies were in production, what was being canceled, who was going to guest star, etc. I also did movie and TV reviews. Obviously, I couldn’t see every new movie. I did attempt to watch at least one episode of every new TV show in the new fall and midseason to review it.

Unfortunately, I got busy, and some of my favorite web sources quit putting their content on an RSS feed. This made it hard for me to keep up with the latest news. Although the broadcast networks still release new shows in the fall and some midseason premieres, streaming services release new shows all the time, and there are just too many to keep up with. For example, I just finished binge-watching three seasons of the hit show Ted Lasso on Apple TV+, even though it was highly recommended to me by many people and won 13 Emmys. If you haven’t seen it, I highly recommend it. It’s still streaming on Apple TV+ and is available for purchase on Blu-ray.

But that’s not why I’m here.

It’s been almost exactly two years since I last did an entertainment blog. Rather than go back to blogging reviews, I thought we would try some TV reviews for this podcast. Once again, I will attempt to watch and review every new series this fall season. I can’t promise you I will get through all of them, but we are going to give it a good attempt.

I will try to keep spoilers minimal, but I cannot make promises. I will give you a warning when I spoil.

In my old entertainment blog, I had my own system of ranking shows. Before we begin, I want to explain my system.

The worst rating was “Worthless.” Shows with this rating were so bad I didn’t even bother writing a complete review.

Only slightly better than that is a rating of “Skip It.” This is a bad show, and I will explain in detail why.

Next is “Could Be Watchable.” That means it’s not so bad that I’m telling you to skip it. On the other hand, either I wasn’t impressed or perhaps the jury was still out. I may have to watch another episode or two to decide. Some shows rated “Could Be Watchable” turned out okay, and I did add them to my viewing schedule. However, I usually drop such shows unless they get better.

Our next category is “I’m Watching.” This means the show may not be a must-see, highly recommended, wonderful show, but it’s good enough to hold my interest. Sometimes, it’s a type of guilty pleasure show that I like, even if it isn’t top-notch entertainment.

Our next category is “Recommended Watchable.” This is sort of equivalent to “I’m Watching” in that it’s good enough for me to watch but not so good that I would bump something out of my busy viewing schedule. You should consider it a mild endorsement, but I just don’t have space in my life for it. Check it out and see if it’s for you. You might like it.

Next is “I really like it.” I highly recommend it. I thoroughly enjoyed it and think you will too. It’s good for general audiences, not just sci-fi or comic book genre fans like myself. Count “Ted Lasso” in this category.

My top rating is “Must See.” This is extraordinary television that is above and beyond the average fair. It is destiny to become a classic. It works on every level. Great writing, acting, and directing make it sure to be an award winner. It is landmark television.

Now that we have that out of the way let’s get on with the reviews.

First on our agenda are a pair of spinoff shows set in comic book universes. One is set firmly in that fantasy world, while the other is quite realistic.

Let’s do fantasy first.

“Agatha All Along” is a sequel to the Marvel TV series “WandaVision” from Disney+ streaming. “WandaVision” was a surreal series about the Marvel character Wanda Maximoff, a.k.a. the Scarlet Witch. I can’t set up the premise of this new series without spoiling part of the plot “WandaVision.” I also cannot discuss this new series without spoiling something from the opening episode. Sorry about that.

In “WandaVision,” Wanda was trapped in a spell that made her believe she was a sitcom character. In each episode, she occupied a different style of sitcom ranging from a 60s black-and-white homage to shows such as “The Dick Van Dyke Show” up to more modern sitcoms.

Ultimately, we discovered that the villain in the series was an evil witch named Agatha Harkness. The big reveal in the final episode was, “It was Agatha all along.” Thus, we get the name of this new series. At the end of the previous series, Wanda steals Agatha’s powers.

In the new series, Agatha is now a woman named Agnes, who is a homicide detective in a small town. Along the way, we discover that everything is not what it seems.

This is going to spoil a plot point, but if you’re familiar with this character from the previous series, it should come as no surprise that what appears to be reality isn’t real. I mean, let’s face it: Wanda really wasn’t a character in a variety of five or six different sitcoms set over the course of five decades. She was a powerful witch living in a warped reality. It shouldn’t surprise you that Agatha/Agnes is not really a small-town detective.

Episode two sets Agatha on a quest to recruit other witches to travel something called the Witches’ Road, at the end of which you get whatever it is you desire. Naturally, Agatha desires to get her powers back.

Catherine Hahn reprises her role as Agatha. She really shows her acting range as she credibly portrays the small-town cop in the first two-thirds of the first episode and easily transitions into the over-the-top, conniving, evil witch Agatha.

Fans of the MCU, especially fans of “WandaVision,” will love this sequel, but I’m not sure it will find a wider audience. I would recommend that you watch “WandaVision” first if you’ve not seen it. If you don’t have time or inclination to do so, I think I’ve set things up well enough that you can probably jump into this series.

I’m ranking “Agatha All Along” as “I’m watching” with the caveat that it’s definitely a comic book/fantasy genre piece that might not appeal to someone who wasn’t a fan.

Our next review is another comic book piece that I can highly recommend. I will give it a ranking of “I really like it,” and you do not need to be a genre fan to appreciate it.

We are talking about the HBO/Max series “The Penguin.” It is set in the Batman/DC comics universe and is essentially a sequel to the 2022 film “The Batman,” directed by Matt Reeves and starring Robert Pattinson. In this series, Colin Farrell reprises his role as Oswald Cobb, a.k.a. The Penguin. Neither Batman nor Bruce Wayne appears in the opening episode, and I doubt that they will make an appearance in future episodes.

This series picks up immediately after the events of the film, and although it was enjoyable for me to go back and rewatch the film one more time as a refresher, this series does a great job of setting the scene without the need to watch that film.

Two crime families have controlled Gotham: the Falcone’s and the Maroni’s. In the film before this, the Maroni crime family was broken up, and its leader, Salvatore Maroni, was jailed. This leaves the Falcone family to take over the drug trade in the city. At the film’s end, Carmine Falcone is murdered, leaving his son Alberto to try to hold his father’s empire together. Unfortunately, he doesn’t have the gangster skills to do the job. Oswald sees the opportunity to get rid of Alberto and try to take over the criminal enterprise.

Falcone’s daughter Sophia, who has only recently been released from the Arkham Asylum for the Criminally Insane, stands in the way of his plans. Oswald must find a way to avoid Sophia while avoiding getting caught by the police or either of the city’s criminal organizations.

Farrell gives a highly nuanced performance in this well-written character. We see how his mother manipulates him to become a powerful man despite his clubfoot, which causes a severe, penguin-like waddling gait. State-of-the-art prosthetic makeup completely obliterates Colin Farrell, and if you didn’t know that he was playing the part, you might have never guessed. Even if you do know it’s him, only in the eyes can we perhaps recognize the famous character actor who has previously won Golden Globe awards and an Oscar nomination. Certainly, he will add an Emmy nomination to his resume and perhaps a win this year for this role.

Along the way, he recruits a young black man named Victor as his assistant. Initially, he was going to have a young man help him dispose of a body and then kill him. However, when Victor begs for his life, Oz decides to give the kid a chance. They both grew up in the same neighborhood. Victor’s home was destroyed by a flood caused by the Riddler at the end of the Batman film. We explore Oswald’s character through Victor’s eyes. Victor is played by actor Rhenzy Feliz, who you might recall from the Marvel TV series Runaways, which I greatly enjoyed.

Sophia is brilliantly portrayed by Cristin Milioti, who gives a chilling performance as the heir to the Falcone family, who was recently released from an asylum. She will make a worthy adversary to the Penguin.

Overall, you don’t feel like you’re watching a comic book story. These are realistically drawn characters that could’ve appeared in a mainstream gangster movie by Martin Scorsese. There is none of the over-the-top theatrics that we come to expect from comic book villains.

As I said earlier, I’m rating this one as “I really like it,” and I highly recommend you check it out. It will run for eight weekly episodes, with new episodes premiering Sunday night on HBO. It will also be available for streaming on Max.

We will take a brief look at a pair of medical shows. It was with much anticipation that I watched “Brilliant Minds” on NBC, starring Zachary Quinto. Quinto is famous for playing Mr. Spock in the 2009 JJ Abrams reboot of the Star Trek franchise. Now playing a doctor in this NBC drama, it’s difficult not to refer to him as Doctor Spock. And if you know who that is, your back hurts.

Unfortunately, I’m not sure there are any brilliant minds in the writers’ room of “Brilliant Minds.” Quinto plays Doctor Oliver Wolf, a brilliant but unorthodox neurologist. In the opening scene, he helps an Alzheimer’s patient escape from the hospital to attend his granddaughter’s wedding. Although he helps the man come out of his zombielike state and recognize his granddaughter briefly, you know that afterward, the patient won’t remember anything. While we can feel some empathy towards the patient and sympathize with the doctor’s intent to give the man a happy moment in his otherwise empty life, the fact that he took a nearly catatonic patient on an adventure by having the man right on the back of a motorcycle stretches credibility. He is fired from his position.

We see him as a reclusive man who tends to his plants and keeps his nose in a book. A friend of his recruits into a new position at Bronx General, but he declines, saying, “You know why I can’t work there.” By the time the reason is revealed in the final scene of the opening episode, I already had it figured out.

Wolf struggles with a neurological condition called “face blindness.” It makes a person unable to recognize people’s faces. In the first episode, his first patient at his new job also struggles with a cognitive condition in which she doesn’t recognize her own children and thinks that they have been kidnapped and replaced by substitutes. In finding a solution to her problem, he’s forced to confront his own condition, which he keeps secret from everyone except the colleague who got him his new job.

In the new job, he is surrounded by four interns who he is forced to supervise even though he prefers to work alone. They have varying degrees of enthusiasm about working with a brilliant yet radically unlikable boss.

There’s nothing original here. If you want to watch a show about a neuro-atypical doctor, I recommend you go watch “The Good Doctor,” which has more compelling characters than this series.

I’m rating this one as very weak: “Could Be Watchable,” leaning strongly towards “Skip It.” There are much better medical dramas available than this. It appears on Monday nights on NBC and is available to stream on Peacock TV.

Unfortunately, among those better medical dramas is not the new ABC series “Doctor Odyssey.” Picture this: Someone walks into a TV executive office with a great pitch for a new serious. Imagine it. It’s a cross between Grey’s Anatomy and The Love Boat. The executive buys it on the spot without seeing a single script. I don’t know for a fact that this happened, but it sure looks that way.

The story follows Doctor Max, a newly hired ship’s Doctor on a luxury cruise liner called “The Odyssey.” He is played by Joshua Jackson, known for his roles in “Dawson’s Creek” and “Fringe.” He works with a pair of experienced ship medical nurses. Avery Morgan, played by Philippa Soo, is an attractive young nurse practitioner. She is accompanied by Triston Silva, a hot young Latino nurse and a ladies’ man who is secretly in love with Avery.

The ship’s captain is played by an aging Don Johnson, who gives long discourses about his commitment to creating a fantasy paradise for the passengers. He tries and fails to have the same charisma and mystery as Mr. Rourke from “Fantasy Island.” Again, if you know what “Fantasy Island” is, your back hurts.

Like most medical shows, it’s populated with realistic yet undistinguishable-sounding medical jargon as they treat their patients miles from the nearest hospital in a state-of-the-art sick bay. Unfortunately, whoever advised them on the medical jargon knows nothing about tracheostomy tubes. They inserted a trach into a patient, and he was still able to talk without a speaking valve. Technically, it is possible to do so with a partially inflated cuff. There was no sign of a cuff inflation balloon on the trach prop they were using.

It’s populated by beautiful people running around in skimpy bathing suits and partying constantly.

The characters are mildly interesting in the medical situations run from a serious man overboard rescue to a more comical man with a fractured penis and some food poisoning along the way.

If you are desperate for a new medical show with eye-candy characters and light humor and romance, then you might find this a guilty pleasure, but for the most part, I will have to say, “Skip It.”

We wrap up this episode with a pair of episodes that I can recommend.

First, we have the new CBS series, “Matlock,” which stars Kathy Bates as the title character. This isn’t exactly a reimagining of the original series. In the opening scene, she explains her name.

“I’m Matty, informally. Formally, Madeline Matlock. Yes, Matlock like the old TV show, which was all I heard between 1984 and 1992. “You’re a lawyer like Matlock. You’re a lawyer like Matlock.” And every time I’d correct ’em, “No, he’s just pretending. You know, I’m a real lawyer.” But, you know, you can only protest so much before you sound like you got a big old pole up your heinie, so I just let ’em have it, and I just said, “Yeah, well, yeah, I’m a lawyer just like Matlock.”

She makes this explanation after sneaking into a partner meeting of a large, prestigious law firm. She has been trying to get a job interview, but the firm is not interested in hiring a septuagenarian lawyer who hasn’t practiced for 30 years. She explained that she had put herself in a position to overhear a conversation with a lawyer on the opposite side of one of their cases and learned that they would accept a settlement of $4 million greater than their current offer. Because she just made the firm $4 million, they agreed to hire her on a two-week probationary basis.

She is assigned to work with partner Olympia Lawrence, played by Skye P. Marshall. Olympia is unhappy having her on her team but accepts her help because it is the only way to prevent the law firm from dropping her case. She is defending a woman who was wrongly accused of a crime and framed by corrupt, racist police.

Olympia is divorcing one of the other partners, Julian, who is played by Jason Ritter. Olivia sends Matlock the impossible task of getting Julian to give up Thanksgiving weekend with the child even though it’s his turn.

Matlock has some missteps along the way that nearly cost them the case, but it’s not much of a spoiler to say that it all works out in the end.

Bates gives a memorable performance as a quirky, down-home, “awe-shucks,” 70-something-year-old lawyer.

The closing scene contains a gigantic plot twist that reveals a running plot line throughout the series that you will not see coming. I will make no attempt to hint at what it is. All I can say is that even without this new continuing plotline to keep you coming back, I think the show is worth watching. The big secret plot is just icing on the cake.

I’m rating it “I Really Like It.” I suggest you check it out. Kathy Bates should be enough to get you to watch this, and the character they’ve written for her makes full use of her talent.

Our final new series is the ABC crime procedural “High Potential,” the title of which is an appropriate description of my opinion. The show has potential, but it remains to be seen if it will live up to it.

The series stars Kaitlin Olson as Morgan Gillory, a single mom who works nights cleaning a police station. In the opening scene, she is dancing around the office, listening to music while she works, and accidentally knocking over a stack of case files. As she picks up the files, she can’t help but see some crime scene photos that catch her eye. She then walks up to the murder board, where there is a photo of the murder victim’s wife. She crosses out the word “suspect” and writes in “victim.”

The next day, when the detectives discover that the board has been changed, they review the surveillance video to find out that the cleaning lady did it. They bring her in and threaten to charge her with obstructing an investigation. They ask why she did it, and she explains her theory of the case. Her argument is so compelling they decide to pursue her theory.

As you might guess, she was right. By the end of the episode, they offer her a job as a consultant.

I’ve always been skeptical of the outside police consultant sub-genre, which traces its origins to Edgar Allen Poe’s 1841 character C. Auguste Dupin in his short story “The Murders in the Rue Morgue,” 46 years before Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes.

On TV, we have had a wide variety of consulting detectives in shows such as Castle, The Mentalist, Elementary (which is a modern-day Sherlock Holmes), Psych, and Monk.

While it’s fascinating to think that there are people with such keen observation powers that they can see things that even the most highly trained detectives might miss, the entire premise of this entire genre is complete fantasy. In 2018, I wrote a review of a similar series, Carter, which I described as the worst ever such show. In that review, I expressed my dismay that the entire concept of consultant detective was a giant fiction with no basis in reality. I wish I knew someone in law enforcement who could verify for me that since things never take place.

Since then, I have spoken to at least three people who are familiar with real-life police work, and they assure me that they have never heard of a so-called “consulting detective” in their departments’ history. At best, a prosecutor might hire an expert witness to testify about evidence, but no outsiders ever participate in the actual investigations.

Along the way, we learn that Morgan is a bit of a savant with an IQ of 160. She can crunch numbers in her head faster than a calculator. So, her innate ability to observe what others have missed isn’t her only gift.

While it would be easy to dismiss this as yet another well-worn, unrealistic trope, something is compelling about these characters. If you enjoyed “Monk,” then consider this as potentially a reimagination of that series with a female hero.

I’m giving it a weak “I’m Watching It,” but it borders on “Could Be Watchable.” The jury is still out, but I liked the first episode for the same reasons I enjoyed Monk years ago. You might want to check it out and see for yourself. After a sneak preview episode, where episodes begin October 8 on ABC and streaming on Hulu.

One more quick review. If you subscribe to Apple TV+, check out the new movie, “Wolves,” starring George Clooney and Brad Pitt, who portray the guys you call when you need to dispose of a dead body and make it look like it never happened. Through a contrived set of circumstances, these lone wolves are both called in to clean up the dead body of the young man who was accidentally killed in the hotel room of a female district attorney. They are forced to work together even though they prefer working alone.

It’s everything you would want from these two actors in a quirky comedy with some pretty good action sequences along the way. Highly recommended.

There are still more TV series in the coming days, and I will have another special episode to review them.

If you find this podcast educational, entertaining, enlightening, or even inspiring, consider sponsoring me on Patreon for just $5 per month. You will get early access to the podcast and other exclusive content. Although I have some financial struggles, I’m not really in this for money. Still, every little bit helps.

As always, my deepest thanks to my financial supporters. Your support means more to me than words can express.

Even if you cannot provide financial support. Please, please, please post the links and share this podcast on social media so that I can grow my audience. I just want more people to be able to hear my stories.

All of my back episodes are available, and I encourage you to check them out if you’re new to this podcast. If you have any comments, questions, or other feedback, please feel free to comment on any of the platforms where you found this podcast.

I will see you next time as we continue contemplating life. Until then, fly safe.

Contemplating Life – Episode 74 – “Finishing at Last”

This week, we continue my reminiscences of my college days at IUPUI, where I studied computer science. We also cover my final semester and my work at the IU Department of Medical Genetics.

Links of Interest

Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/contemplatinglife
Where to listen to this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/contemplatinglife
YouTube playlist of this and all other episodes: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFFRYfZfNjHL8bFCmGDOBvEiRbzUiiHpq

YouTube Version

Shooting Script

Hi, this is Chris Young. Welcome to episode 74 of Contemplating Life.

This week, we continue my reminiscences of my college days at IUPUI, where I studied computer science. We also cover my final semester and my work at the IU Department of Medical Genetics.

I had three courses that semester. Systems Programming CS 403 was a course on operating systems. In it, we learned about the hierarchy of software in a computer.

At the lowest level, your computer has something called a BIOS. That is an acronym for Basic Input and Output System. It is stored in permanent, read-only memory. It is completely hardware-specific to your particular machine. For example, it will poll your keyboard to see if you are pressing a key, and if so, grab the keystroke and pass it along to the other software. In those days, personal computers were completely text-based. There was no graphical interface like Windows or Mac OS. So, the BIOS would handle sending characters to the screen. It would send characters to your printer. Also, it would handle the lowest-level functions of reading and writing data to a floppy disk or hard disk. It didn’t organize the data into files or manage directories. That’s for the actual operating system to handle.

Above the BIOS in the hierarchy is the kernel. It creates and manages the file system on your discs, loads programs into memory, and performs memory management on operating systems that allow more than one program to run simultaneously.

Then, there are utility programs. In a text-based operating system, commands such as copying files, modifying file permission, displaying directory listings, etc., are often handled by utility programs, even though they seem to be commands issued to the operating system itself.

The top layer is your application program. That’s your word processor, spreadsheet, database manager, and later, Internet browsers. The course explained how all of these processes communicate with one another and who does what at each level.

As I mentioned, the course number was only 403. As a senior, I was already taking graduate-level courses in the 500s and 600s. I wished I had taken this course earlier because it would’ve made that independent study project I did with Dr. Gersting much easier. In that project, I had to implement an operating system. Unfortunately, at the time, I really didn’t have a very good understanding of how it all worked.

A few years later, when I started building my own personal computer, I really needed to understand all these things. For example, I had put together a completely customized set of hardware, and I had to write an extension to the computer’s BIOS to handle my specific hardware choices.

In those days, we didn’t have flash memory. Anything stored in computer memory would disappear when the power was turned off. We did have something called a ROM, which stands for Read-Only Memory. Programs stored in ROM are not lost when the power is turned off, but they cannot be changed. Their contents are burned in during the manufacturing process. However, there were devices called PROMs, which were Programmable Read-Only Memories. With special hardware, you could program your own ROMs. The catch was if you made a mistake and needed to update the program, you had to throw the chip away and program a new one.

Next came something called EPROM, which stands for Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. If you need to erase the contents of the ROM, you can erase it and reuse it. There was a window on top of the chip. You would place the chip under a strong ultraviolet light overnight. That would erase the memory, and you could reuse it. I had one of those in my first personal computer and had to rewrite my BIOS extension several times.

Eventually, they invented something called EEPROM, which stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. They can be erased and rewritten electrically. It’s not such that you can read and write to the memory at will. You still have to erase it completely and rewrite new content. Such chips are used today to store the BIOS of your computer, and occasionally, when your computer updates its software, it will update your BIOS.

That particular class was one of the most useful classes I took because of the work I had to do on my first homemade PC.

Another class I took in my final semester was CS 661, ”Formal Compiler Methods.” As I explained in an earlier episode, a compiler is a program that translates a high-level language such as FORTRAN, Pascal, or C++ into machine language so that it can be run on the computer. The only thing a computer can do is run machine language. So, you need a compiler to translate other languages into machine language.

Most compilers take at least 2 passes through your program to translate it. In the first pass, your text is turned into tokens. For example, high-level languages have certain observed words such as “IF,” “THEN,” “ELSE,” and “WHILE,” just to name a few. It recognizes that these are reserved words and turns them into a number so they can deal with them more easily. You also get to make up names of locations where you will store values. These are called variable names. They can be anything you want, such as “MyData” or “Counter”. The compiler creates a symbol table of these names and assigns them memory locations.

The process of reading through your program and figuring out all of these things is called “parsing.” I was highly intrigued by different methods of parsing computer languages. In the 1990s, when I began working on the open-source CGI rendering program POV-Ray, I rewrote much of the language parsing section of the program and extended the programming language with new features. The other people on the team gave me the nickname “The Parse Meister.” So again, this course was one of the most useful courses I ever took.

The third class I took was “CS 590 Topics in Computer Science.” This was similar to the independent study project I had done with Gersting, except there were about five or six people in the class. It wasn’t just one-on-one. Anytime a professor wanted to teach a course that wasn’t in the regular curriculum, they just titled it “topics.”

The topic of this particular course was “Program Verification.” We explored formal methods of mathematically proving that a program did what you wanted it to. You would come up with different assertions that you would place throughout the program. These assertions were formal statements about things that you expected to be true of the data. You would then sort of manually run the program backward and see if the code really kept these assertions true.

I made good use of these methods in my work at the genetics lab. It wasn’t so much to verify that the code worked as designed. But we were having problems with bad data going into the database. We had data on punched cards from a previous record-keeping system. This data was put into a translation program that would put it in the new format for the database that we were creating. But occasionally, the data would get corrupted. It would not convert the data properly. So, I wrote a series of programs that would check the data for internal consistency.

Let me explain how the database worked. Each family had a family number, and each member of the family had a member number. In the members’ records, there was data explaining the relationship between that member and the other members of the family. So let’s say that the dad was member number one, the mom was member number two, and the kids were numbered three, four, five, etc.. There was a field called “spouse”. My program made sure that your spouse’s spouse was you. Sometimes, the data would get lost in translation, or maybe it wasn’t coded properly on the punchcards to begin with. The spousal numbers didn’t line up properly. My program would flag “Inconsistent spouse data.” Our data entry person, a nice lady named Paula, would go back and fix the original punched card data, run it through the translator again, and put the correct data in our new database.

They also had a system for keeping track of your siblings. Because you never know how many children a person is going to have, we only had one sibling pointer. The parents would point to the first child. The first sibling would point to the next one, and the next one, and the next one until you got to the last sibling, and that would point back to the first one. My program made sure that the loop closed properly and that each child had the same parents.

The whole concept behind this data verification program that I wrote came out of that topics class that I took in my final semester. It was probably my biggest contribution to the entire project.

We also faced the challenge of trying to get the data displayed in a graphical format. Geneticists have a way of drawing your family tree. If I recall correctly, men were represented by squares and women by circles. Lines connected family members in a particular standardized way. We had a computer plotter that would draw these graphs, and we had a printer that had some graphical capabilities.

I tried to come up with an algorithm that would more efficiently draw these family trees. I had a concept in my head about the way you would traverse the branches of the trees in a particular way that made it easier to create the plots. I wrote a proposal that I thought explained it, but Gersting couldn’t make heads or tails of it. I had not done a very good job of explaining the concept I had in my head. Unfortunately, I never did get around to implementing it. But I’m certain to this day I had a very useful way of creating such graphs.

That final semester was probably the second most stressful I ever had. It was a real challenge to work part-time in genetics and take graduate-level classes at the same time. Still, I managed to get two “A”s and a “B.”

I almost blew the final exam in one of the classes. I had missed a couple of classes under the stress of trying to get programs done. I decided I needed to go to class on the final day because I thought we were going to review before the final. I had the date wrong. This wasn’t a review day. It was the day of the final. If I decided to cut class that day, I would’ve missed the final and blown everything.

I also had to make special arrangements to take one of my finals on a different day. That’s because I was nearly in a car accident. I was riding in the wheelchair van going from my job to the 38th St. Campus when someone pulled out in front of us. The driver had to slam on the brakes very hard. Although my wheelchair was strapped down, it slid forward and bent my footrest as I slid into the back of the driver’s seat in front of me. It sprained my ankle quite severely. I called my professor and told him I had been injured in a minor accident and couldn’t make it. He agreed to let me take the final a couple of days late. I didn’t do very well on the final, so I told him, “As you can see, I didn’t cheat by taking the extra days to cram for the final because I didn’t do very well to begin with.” Ultimately, I still got a B out of the course based on my other work.

While we are talking about incidents while riding in the commercial wheelchair van, I should tell you about one other incident. The lift on my wheelchair van that my dad built was not fully automatic. Once you got up to the level where you could roll your wheelchair in, you had to manually fold up the lift. The wheelchair taxi company had fully automated lifts that would fold automatically.

The lift would unfold and lower to the ground. I would roll my wheelchair onto it backward with my back towards the van. The driver would then push a button, and the platform would raise until it was level with the floor of the van. I would then go back into the van, turn 90° facing forward, and there were straps on the floor that would attach to hold the chair in place.

There were two sets of controls for operating the lift. One was to be used while someone was on board. The other one was to be used when the lift was empty. That first set would automatically stop the lift when you got to the level position, allowing you to get off. But one day, the driver used the other controls. When it got to the top, he let go, but the button got stuck. Rather than stopping at the top, it proceeded to try to fold up with me in it. It was going to tip me over backward.

In the split second that all of this occurred, I began thinking about what it would be like to fall over backward. The driver was standing behind me, and I was going to fall on him, but I didn’t know how that was going to go. I had my head ducked forward to make it through the doorway. I was worried that when I landed, my head would snap back very hard. I figured it was better to put my head back ahead of time. Unfortunately, I did not think about the reason why I had my head forward to begin with. Without ducking, I don’t fit through the door. Just as I flung my head backward, the top of my head got wedged underneath the top edge of the doorframe.

As the lift continued to attempt to fold with me in it, it began jamming my head harder into the top of the doorframe. I could feel it compressing my spine. I was worried it was either going to crush my skull or break my back. I was saved by a rather disturbing outcome. The cable that was pulling the lift into its folded position broke on one side. The lift lurched slightly sideways as it was now being held solely by the right side cable. I don’t know if that triggered some other failsafe or if the driver finally got the button unstuck. But the lift stopped.

He then pushed the other button to unfold it until it was level again. I rolled safely into the van with nothing more than a bruised head and an aching neck.

Now, we had to figure out what to do next. How do we get me out of the van with a broken lift? We drove back to the wheelchair taxi’s garage headquarters. They had another vehicle available, but we had to figure out how to get me in it. We couldn’t figure out how to position the lift of one van to get me in the other one because we would have to unfold the broken lift.

When he unfolded the damaged lift, it was hanging a little bit crooked, but it looked reasonably solid. Having no other choice, I rolled out onto the broken lift, and he quickly lowered it to the ground. The remaining cable held. I got into the other van and made it home safely.

These days, I have a professionally made wheelchair lift on my van and it is fully automated. I make sure that when anyone operates it, they never use the button that can fold it up while I’m on the lift. They only use the other controls that automatically stop at the top.

I think the incident may have actually put a dent in my skull. If you look closely at my baldhead in the proper light, you can see bumps and valleys. Fortunately, there was no injury to my spine.

After nine semesters plus a summer class, I finally graduated with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Computer Science from Purdue University awarded at Indiana University – Purdue University at Indianapolis. Although I completed my coursework in December 1977, I had to wait until the June 1978 ceremony to actually attend commencement.

The commencement ceremony was held at Market Square Arena. Even though I had been to the arena many times over the years for sporting events and concerts and knew the place quite well, I took a wrong turn going from the parking garage to where I needed to go and ended up on a ramp that I had never taken before. It was much steeper than the ramps I usually took to navigate the venue. It felt like my chair was about to tip over backward, but fortunately, I kept it under control.

The commencement speaker was Mayor William Hudnut, III. He was one of my favorite mayors, even though he was a Republican. He was a really great guy.

At the time of my commencement, there was some sort of political controversy going on. I seem to recall it was a disagreement between Mayor Hudnut and the chief of police or something like that. I don’t remember exactly what it was. He made some reference to the disagreement in his commencement speech. It really disappointed me that he would take that opportunity to make political points during a commencement speech. Except for that one incident, overall, I really liked the guy.

A few years later, Mayor Hudnut awarded me a certificate naming me “Indianapolis Outstanding Handicapped Citizen” in recognition of the volunteer work I did as a member of the boards of directors of the Marion County Muscular Dystrophy Foundation and the Central Indiana Radio Reading service. See the YouTube version of this podcast for a photo of me receiving the honor. I liked him before that. He helped bring the NFL Colts here from Baltimore.

I didn’t need to go job hunting now that I had my sheepskin. The genetics department agreed to hire me full-time upon graduation. I don’t think Gersting had to do any persuasion to hire me in a permanent full-time position. I’d like to think that I had proven my worth to the department by then. But I’m sure Gersting was in on the decision to offer me the full-time position.

In upcoming episodes, we will discuss my remaining work at the department and the circumstances under which I eventually left for health reasons.

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I will see you next time as we continue contemplating life. Until then, fly safe.